49MnVS3BY/GGG-60: vc=1.25m/min; 48f/s Comparison of the forging grade steel 49 MnVS 3 BY and nodular iron GGG-60 Cutting speed 0.01 m/min; 48 f/s Parallel-Cutting steel/cast iron with 0.01 m/min. From the film: Metal Cutting of Forging Grade Steel and Nodular Iron - Cutting Process in t...
49MnVS3BY: v_c=1.25m/min; 48f/s Microalloyed steel 49MnVS3 BY: Cutting speed vc=1.25m/min; 48f/s; width 400 micrometer. From the film: Metal Cutting of Forging Grade Steel and Nodular Iron - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Comparison of the Materials Ck 45 V, Ck 45 N, Ck 45...
49MnVS3BY: vc=0.01m/min; 48f/s Microalloyed steel 49MnVS3 BY: Cutting speed vc=0.01m/min; 48f/s; width 400 micrometer. From the film: Metal Cutting of Forging Grade Steel and Nodular Iron - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Comparison of the Materials Ck 45 V, Ck 45 N, Ck 45...
9S20K Vertical Machining From the film: Machining of 9S20K Steel - Chip Formation in Turning. ...
A Colony on the Heath The clip shows apiaries in the middle of a heath landscape with flowering Erica and juniper trees. It provides information on the conditions which must be created by the beekeeper in order to guarantee an effective utilisation of the heather honey-b...
A Milling Machine From the film: Milling of Wood Based Materials - Planked, Laminated and Veneered Wood Boards. ...
A Single Pacemaker Centre A single pacemaker centre. Lower time laps frequency clearly shows periodic colour changes. From the film: The Zhabotinsky Reaction as a Model of Pattern Formation. ...
A Spore Develops into the Prothallium The clip shows the horsetail's (Equisetum) development from the spore to prothallium, its gametophyte. From the film: Life History of Equisetum. ...
Accelerated Succession From the film: Ecological Fundamentals of Recultivating of Lignite Opencast Mining Landscapes. ...
Activator-Inhibitor. A Model of Biological Pattern Formation In the development of higher organisms, pattern forming reactions must be involved. In the movie, a yet hypothetical two-component reaction is analysed which is able to generate patterns. Computer simulations made on the basis of two coupled non-lin...
Adding Another Brood Box When there is a good supply of pollen and nectar, the honey space in bee colonies' hives must be enlarged. This is achieved by placing an enlargement frame (super) onto the beehive. After a few shots of blossoming orchard meadows and bees collecting...
Addition of New Chambers From the film: The Larger Foraminifer Heterostegina depressa - Organization and Growth of the Megalospheric Generation. ...
Additional Food for Winter At the end of the summer bee colonies together with their hives are weighed in order to determine whether the feed quantity in the hive is sufficient for overwintering. If this is not the case the residual feed quantity must be determined and the be...
Adhesion - Bonding of Glass to Metal The film shows the wetting of metal surface with glasses differing in surface tension and viscosity. Cr-steel and Cr-Ni-steel specimens on each of which is placed a glass particle, are heated in an induction coil. Due to heat transfer, the glass dim...
Adhesive Branches of Monacrosporium This clip describes the structure of the trap hyphae (sticky branches) on the fungus Monacrosporium cionophagum. The fungus can capture nematodes with these sticky traps. From the film: Trapping of Nematodes by Adhesive Branches of Monacrosporium ci...
Aibom (New Guinea, Middle Sepik) - Painting a Sago Jar A silent colour film. After he has prepared white, black and red colours, the husband of the female potter paints a sago-jar with a brush made from the fibrous ends of a small fresh twig cutting. [Note: the film material was shot in 1966.]...
Aibom (New Guinea, Middle Sepik) - Pottery (Frying Pan, Fire Bowl, Sago Jar) A silent black and white film. The female potter digs three different kinds of clay and mixes and kneads them together with some water. She has various pots on the go at any one time. The film shows the production of frying pans, a fire bowl, and a ...
Amastigotes: Reproduction and Exocytosis Human macrophages possess the ability of ingesting cells foreign to the body by phagocytosis and subsequently destroy them. However, some parasitic diseases have developed mechanisms of avoiding destruction by the defence cells, of transforming them...
Amorphous Metals. Preparation by a Melt-Spinning Method The structure of amorphic metals is explained using models. The melt-spinning method for making flash-cooled metallic glass is shown. Time-distorted sequences clarify the melt-spinning method, especially the fusion of several melt-jets. ...
An Industrial Crucible From the film: Influence of the Solidification Morphology on Chip Formation of Cast Iron. ...
Analysis of Chaotic Dynamics - 2. Stability Unbalanced rotors exhibit a characteristic mechanical oscillation. Using non-linear Duffing equations the dynamics are recreated in a computer model with springing and damping depending on the excitation amplitude. The curve is supplemented by synth...
Analysis of Chaotic Dynamics. 1. Spacemodel Unbalanced rotors exhibit a characteristic mechanical oscillation. Using non-linear Duffing equations the dynamics are recreated in a computer model with springing and damping depending on the excitation amplitude. The curve is supplemented by synth...
Anatomical structure of the ear The ear is assembled in a linear animation proceeding from the ear drum, over the external auditory meatus, the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), the membranous and osseous labyrinth, the suspensory ligaments and muscles of the auditory os...
Anatomical structure of the eye The eye is assembled in a linear animation proceeding from the eyeball over the eye musculature, the optic nerves and the optical chiasma up to the brain stem and the continuation of the optic nerve. ...
Anatomy in component parts: Brain The brain is assembled in a linear animation proceeding from the ventricular system, over the limbic system, the basal ganglia, the brain stem, the cerebellum, and the diencephalon up to the cerebrum. ...
Anatomy in component parts: Larynx The larynx is assembled in a linear animation proceeding from the annular cartilage and tracheal cartilages, over the incised thyroid cartilage, pyramidal cartilage, vocal cords (ligaments) and other ligaments, epiglottic cartilage and the hyoid bon...
Anatomy of a Transverse Leaf Section The film sequence illustrates the structure of Alocasia odora's leaf stem in cross-section by means of real images and a drawing. In this context, the amyloplasts, which are also involved in the perception of gravity stimulation, can be seen. From t...
Anopheles: Hatching of the Imago The egg cells of the anopheles mosquito require blood to mature. Its proteins are used in synthesising the yolk material. Fertilisation occurs only just before the female mosquito lays its eggs on the water's surface. The eggs are equipped with the ...
Apiaries in Winter In addition to some introductory impressions of winter (trees and bushes in snow, the winter sun), this clip shows a bee hive in snow. In order to maintain resistant and vital bee colonies, diverse measures are required of the beekeeper throughout t...
Aqueous Treacle, 400 g/l From the film: Convection in Liquids - Flow and Stratification Induced by Evaporation (Mach-Zehnder-Interferometry). ...
Arthrobotrys Captures a Nematode This clip shows the capture (hunting) strategy of the predatory, nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. From the film: Nematophagous Fungi....
Artificial Insemination in Cattle - 1. Collecting and Preservation of Semen Collecting semen using artificial cow. Preparation of hygienic donor. Techniques of semen collection. Testing the ejaculate. Preparation for deep freezing. Shape of the freezing graph. Various means of deep freezing (minitubes-, palette-, glass ampo...
Artificial Insemination in Cattle - 2. Evaluating Semen The testing of cattle semen, which is essential for the assessment of fertility. The testing includes volume analysis, optical assessment, total motility, individual motility and dilution. Processes shown include dye absorption using eosin, haemoc...
Artificial Insemination in Cattle - 3. Insemination Explanation of oestrous symptoms. The use of stud bull to recognize ovulation time. Menstrual calendar. Examination of the external genitalia. Preparation of the semen. Introduction of the inseminator into the vaginal opening and internal examinatio...
Artificial Insemination in Pigs Conditions need for breeding male pigs. Techniques for collecting semen. Macro and microscopic evaluation of ejaculate. Demonstration of pathological deviations in sperm cells. Dilution of sperm. Deep freeze, insemination and gestation....
Ascus and Fruitbody Development in Ascomycetes This film describes the characteristics and development of ascomycetes, including the production of asci and the process of reproduction by means of ascospores. The following processes are detailed: nuclear activity up to ascospore release in Dipo...
Assessing of the Brood Size The clip shows how the brood size of a bee colony is determined and assessed. From the film: Selection of Honey Bees....
Assessing the Development of Varroa Infestation In bee breeding (apiculture), colonies that exhibit a high resistance to varroa infection should be selected for. This clip shows how the mite infestation in test colonies is standardised by a starter infection and then how the infection development...
Autonomous Reversal Rhythm in Navicula The unicellular motile diatom Navicula peregrina is able to move by secreting mucous. An autonomous reversal rhythm, from which a characteristic movement path results, can be observed in its course of movement. This locomotive pattern is illustrated...
Autonomous Reversal Rhythms in Navicula This clip shows the autonomous reversal rhythm in the diatom Navicula. The result of this reversal rhythm is a zigzag movement that is modified depending on the light conditions such that the algae have the ability to move to locations with favourab...
Avoidance of Bad Planning Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Baele (Bideyat) (East Sahara, Ennedi). Brass Founding with the Lost Wax Method A mixture of crushed clay and horse's dung is mixed with water and kneaded. This pulp is later used to case the wax models. A model cast piece is ormed in wax. It is the figure of a camel with saddle, intended as a headdecoration. On the wax model a...
Bali, Karangasem District - Rhythmical Rice Pounding at Iseh A team of women demonstrate rhythmical rice pounding. The film shows three different techniques, as practiced in some villages in East Bali in preparation for festivals. Year of release: 1978...
Bifurcation at Transition C to D Animation of the foliation at the transition from region C to D. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top....
Big Mama Daisy Papua New Guinea, Highlands, Summer 1997: in Papua New Guinea the elections for the National Parliament are about to start. Daisy Openefa is 40 years old. She is one of the few women who are nominated for the election. At the time there are no women...
Biological Membranes - Physical Models - Monolayer, Bilayer and Liposomes The physical properties of water and the interface behaviour of amphipathic molecules promote the organization of distinctive structures, as demonstrated in the hydrophobic/hydrophilic behaviour of phospholipids. Monolayer, bilayer, and liposomes ar...
Biological Membranes - Physical Models - Reconstruction of Membrane Functions Individual membrane functions depend on special membrane construction blocks among its proteins. A measuring cell is used to produce specific (reconstructed) endowed model membranes and to investigate their processes by determining changes in their ...
Biology of the Crustacean Nauplii Nauplii are primary larvae of many crustacean groups, and are characterised by having three pairs of limbs and a single eye. They lead an independent life which is often very different from that of the adult. The morphology, development, movement an...
Boundary Layer Flow - Instabilities at a Concave Wall The boundary layer flow along a concave wall becomes unstable against Taylor-Görtler vortices. The subsequent development eventually leads to turbulent motion. By employing slow motion techniques, the film aims to provide an insight into the rapidly...
Breakdown of Pulsating Water Jets Interaction of running-time effects and surface tension (Rayleigh instability) in a fluid beam with velocity modulation. Basic velocities: 4 m/s and 2 m/s; jet diameter: 3.2 mm or 5 mm; disturbance amplitudes: 0 to 5 %. Pressure chamber with pulsato...
Briggs-Rauscher Reaction: The Chemical Solutions The chemical solutions for the Briggs-Rauscher reaction: 1. hydrogen peroxide 2. potassium iodate and perchlorid acid 3. malonic acid, manganes sulphate and soluble starch. From the film: The Briggs-Rauscher Reaction as a Model of a Chemical Clock...
Bundles in Cross-Sections of a Stem This clip contains shots of a cross-section through the trunk of the palm tree Rhapis excelsa. The following can be seen in this clip: the scattered vascular bundles, characteristic for monocotyledons; the widely spaced parenchyma; as well as the mo...
Calcarinidae - Larger Foraminiferes of the South Sea The calcarinidae, which measures only a millimetre in size and have shells composed of calcium carbonate, mainly occur in the Western Pacific. They are characterised by radiating appendices of the shell, which give them a starlike appearance. The fo...
Calculating the Working Load From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Calmness on Comb After its Removal In order to enable selection and selective culturing in bees, it is necessary to assess the comb seat of different bee colonies. The film sequences shows an example of this. From the film: Selection of Honey Bees. (order no.: C 1966)...
Canine Interdigestive Gastrointestinal Motility The function of interdigestive intestinal motility is studied in beagle dogs. The motility of the stomach and small intestine is subdivided in the periods of interdigestive motility. The three phases of the recurring cycle of interdigestive activit...
Capturing of Nematodes with Sticky Traps This clip shows how fungi can capture nematodes with the aid of conidial traps. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Hourglass Traps and Conidial Traps in Nematoctonus spp.....
Cavitation - Dynamics of Laser Produced Cavitation Bubbles in Water and Silicone Oil Movement of the cavities, which are formed by focusing gigantic pulses of a ruby laser in water and silicone oil. In the bulk liquid damped oscillations of the cavities are the result. Near a plane, rigid wall a liquid jet develops through the bubbl...
Cell Biological Studies with Physarum polycephalum - Cell Recognition Plasmodial slime mould. Mutual recognition among cells can readily be observed in the fusion behaviour of genetically identical and heterogeneous plasmodia and amoebae as well as in the reactions of plasmodia to amoebae and micro-cysts....
Change in Shape of the Inner Lateral Cells Using real images and an animation, this clip clearly shows how the opening of the stomata is produced by volume or water shifts from the subsidiary cells to the guard cells. From the film: Stomatal Movement in Leaves of Commelina communis. ...
Check for the Successful Introduction of the Queen For the performance test a test queen can be lodged in an existing bee colony. The clip shows how the success of the queening (queen allocation) can be assessed. From the film: Selection of Honey Bees. ...
Checking the Acceptance of the Queen In the clip a woman beekeeper demonstrates the measures that are necessary (or could be required) after bee colonies, which have just been established, have already spent a week at their new site. The woman beekeeper monitors the acceptance of the n...
Checking the Origin of a Test Queen In order to enable selection and selective culturing in bees, it is necessary to assess the performance of different bee colonies. To achieve this a test queen is introduced into a colony. The clip shows removal of recently hatched offspring, which ...
Chemical Destruction of Foam From the film: Creation and Destruction of Foam - Spraying with Liquids of the Same Type....
Chemotactic Attraction of Ectocarpene The brown alga Ectocarpus silicilosus has an isomorphic alteration of generations, i.e. sporophyte and gametophyte are similar. This clip contains sequences that show the release of the gametes by the gametophytes of Ectocarpus silicilosus, the sett...
Cirrus Shields in Thunderstorms Convection during thunderstorms caused by heat leads to an ascension of the clouds with the formation of a cirrus shield, an overshooting top; ambos forms result from wind shearing. Explanations in an animated movie and an extensive interpretation o...
Ck45 Forgetype Pearlitic Structure v=10m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 10 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Forgetype Pearlitic Structure v=1m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 1 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Forgetype Pearlitic Structure v=30m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 30 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment....
Ck45 Forgetype Pearlitic Structure v=60m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 60 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Forgetype Pearlitic structure V=: 0.01m/min 48f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 0,01 m/min; 48 F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Normalized Structure 0.01m/min 48f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 0,01 m/min; 48 F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Normalized Structure v= 0.01m/min 48f/s; Rounded Edge Machining of carbon steel Ck 45 with a rounded edge: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 0,01 m/min; 48 F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment...
Ck45 Normalized Structure v=10m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 10 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Normalized Structure v=1m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 1 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Normalized Structure v=30m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 30 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment....
Ck45 Normalized Structure v=60m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 60 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Pearlitic v=0.01m/min 48f/s Rounded Edge Machining of carbon steel Ck 45 with a rounded edge: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 0,01 m/min; 48 F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment...
Ck45 Spherodized Structure v= 0.01m/min 48f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 0,01 m/min; 48 F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Spherodized Structure v= 0.01m/min 48f/s; Rounded Edge Machining of carbon steel Ck 45 with a rounded edge: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 0,01 m/min; 48 F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment...
Ck45 Spherodized Structure v= 1m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 1 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Spherodized Structure v= 60m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 60 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Spherodized Structure v=10m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 10 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Spherodized Structure v=30m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 30 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Tempered Steel Structure 0.01m/min 48f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 0,01 m/min; 48 F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Tempered Steel Structure v= 60m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 60 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Tempered Steel Structure v=1m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 1 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Tempered Steel Structure v=30m/min 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 30 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Tempered Steel Structure: 10m/min; 5800f/s Machining of carbon steel Ck 45: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 10 m/min; 5800F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Ck45 Tempered v=0.01m/min 48f/s Rounded Edge Machining of carbon steel Ck 45 with a rounded edge: Normalized structure; Cutting Speed 0,01 m/min; 48 F/s; Frame width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment...
Ck45BY: v_c=0.01m/min; 48f/s The influence of heat treatment on the machinability of steel: Comparison of the structure of Ck45N, Ck45V, Ck45BY. Forging grade steel Ck45BY Cutting speed vc=0.01m/min; 48f/s; width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Forging Grade Ste...
Ck45N: v_c=0.01m/min; 48f/s The influence of heat treatment on the machinability of steel: Comparison of the structure of Ck45N, Ck45V, Ck45BY. Forging grade steel Ck45N Cutting speed vc=0.01m/min; 48f/s; width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Forging Grade Stee...
Ck45V: v_c=0.01m/min; 48f/s The influence of heat treatment on the machinability of steel: Comparison of the structure of Ck45N, Ck45V, Ck45BY. Forging grade steel Ck 45 V: Cutting speed vc=0.01m/min; 48f/s; width 400 micrometre. From the film: Metal Cutting of Forging Grade S...
Clips at the Prism Ends, Displacement-Controlled From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Clips at the Prism Ends, Load Controlled From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness....
Close-Set Clips at Ends, Displacement-Controlled From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Coiling and Uncoiling of Elaters In the clip the movement of the haptera in cases of moistening or desiccation of the spores can be observed. From the film: Life History of Equisetum. ...
Comparison of 49MnVS 3 BY/GGG-60 Comparison of the structure of microalloyed steel 49MnVS3 BY and the nodular iron GGG-60. From the film: Metal Cutting of Forging Grade Steel and Nodular Iron - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Comparison of Development in Different Media In this film sequence the different development of Blastocladiella emersonii in CO2-poor and -rich media is compared. From the film: Comparison of Development in Different MediaReproduction and Development of Blastocladiella emersonii. ...
Comparison of Two Nematode Capture Strategies In the film sequence carnivorous and endoparasitic fungi that have captured nematodes are shown. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Hourglass Traps and Conidial Traps in Nematoctonus spp.. ...
Comparison: Ck 45 N, Ck 45 V, Ck 45 BY The influence of heat treatment on the machinability of steel: Comparison of the structure of Ck45N, Ck45V, Ck45BY. From the film: Metal Cutting of Forging Grade Steel and Nodular Iron - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treat...
Computer-Aided Analysis Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Conduction of Stimulus in a Cardiac Model An intact heart beats approximately 60 to 80 times a minute. Stimulus conduction normally begins in the sinus node, which contains pacemaker cells. As a result of a natural or artificially induced alteration of the cell membrane properties of these ...
Conidia Adhere to a Nematode The clip shows the adhesion of Drechmeria's conidia to the chemosensory organs of a nematode, as well as the appresorium and the penetration tube. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Conidiospores of Drechmeria coniospora. ...
Connections of the Chambers From the film: The Larger Foraminifer Heterostegina depressa - Organization and Growth of the Megalospheric Generation. ...
Construction and Damages of the Bridge From the film: Experimental Load-carrying Safety Evaluation - Prestressed Concrete Bridge at Baiersdorf, Main-Danube Canal....
Constructional Principle of Horse Tails From the film: Hock, Bertold (München). Structure and Growth of the Horsetail Equisetum hyemale. (order no.: C 1940)...
Continental Deep Drilling Program - Advanced Drilling Technology for Pilot Hole Drilling location near Windischeschenbach (Upper Palatinate) with special-purpose drilling installations within the framework of the overall project. Scientific drilling installation modified by a synthesis and exploitation of all the advantages off...
Continental Deep Drilling Program - Borehole Geophysics A great amount of data from the scientific deep drilling borehole (Windischeschenbach, Oberpflalz) is gained from geophysical borehole measurements. The duallaterolog (DLL), the digital sonic tool (DST) and the natural gamma-ray spectrometer (NGS) a...
Continental Deep Drilling Program - KTB Field Laboratory A modern field laboratory is located next to the drilling installation of the KTB deep borehole. Liquids, gases and solids are subject to ongoing geochemical, mineralogical, petrographic and geophysical investigations and logging procedures. The fil...
Continental Deep Drilling Program - Pre-site Seismic Surveys The film introduces the methods of deep seismic profiling by way of portraying seismic experiments that were carried out in 1985/86 to explore the structure of the Earth's crust in one of the target areas of West Germany's Continental Deep Drilling ...
Contractile Vacuoles The activity of contractile vacuoles of amoebas (Amoeba proteus), heliozoans (Actinophrys sol), flagellates (Chilomonas), ciliates (Blepharisma, Paramecium), and freshwater sponges (Ephydatia) is shown by means of cinemicrography - in some cases at ...
Control a Acariasis Late in Autumn Shortly before the bee colonies enter their winter resting phase, a woman beekeeper performs a number of measures: she removes the structural barriers from the hives and puts Varroa screens in the subfloors of the hives. The screens are collected ag...
Control of Honey Production In order to enable selection and selective breeding in bees, it is necessary to assess the performance of different bee colonies. In this clip a test for honey yield is demonstrated. From the film: Selection of Honey Bees. ...
Control of a Bee Colony After Hibernation The film sequence shows how one determines whether or not the bee colonies have overwintered well. From the film: Selection of Honey Bees....
Controlling of Hardness during Quenching of Heated Components The quenching of heated components in water, oil and polymer solutions is examined. The wetting process is defined by the type of quenchant used. The cooling behaviour is shown in real time and in slow-motion and elucidated by diagrams. The spatial ...
Convection in Carbon Tetrachloride From the film: Convection in Liquids - Flow and Stratification Induced by Evaporation (Mach-Zehnder-Interferometry)....
Convection in Chloroform From the film: Convection in Liquids - Flow and Stratification Induced by Evaporation (Mach-Zehnder-Interferometry). ...
Convection: Methylenechloride/Tetraline 1 From the film: Convection in Liquids - Flow and Stratification Induced by Evaporation (Mach-Zehnder-Interferometry). (order no.: E 1874)...
Copperwork in Santa Clara del Cobre, Michoacán, Mexico - Artisans Facing Change Santa Clara del Cobre is a centre for copper crafts. This film interviews and examines the works of three coppersmiths - Guadaule Lucas who is skilled in making cauldrons/kettles, Pablo Pureco in chiselled plates decorated with animals and Etelbert...
Corrosion in Glass Fibers Specific interactions between chemical environments and the glass fibre cause stress corrosion cracking in the glass fibre surface. The etching of the glass fibre gives rise to an extraction process. This leaching process can be watched optically. A...
Corrosion of Pure Iron - Initial Stages The film shows the initial stages of rust formation on a polished surface of pure iron at microscopic magnifications. The experiments were made in an atmosphere of 75 per cent relative humidity with small additions of hydrochloric acid acting to acc...
Course of a Bundle in Series of Cross-Sections The Chinese palm, Rhapis excelsa, has a relatively simply structured vascular bundle system. To investigate the course and cross-linkage of a main vascular bundle in the trunk of this monocotyledon, 40 cm of its trunk were cut into a microscopical c...
Crystal Growth - Growth of GaP-Whiskers The film shows the growth of GaP whiskers which are obtained in the temperature range of 900 to 1050 C when wet hydrogen is passed over GaP and Ga materials of about 1100 C. One can see in detail the termination of whisker growth when Ga droplets ap...
Crystal Growth - Growth of Tin Whiskers in the Scanning Electron Microscope Using a special time-lapse cinematographic technique and a speed of 11 frames per minute it was possible to record the growth of tin whiskers in a scanning-electron microscope. It will be noted that filament-type tin whiskers as well as bulbous shap...
Crystallization of Evaporites in Saltworks or How comes the salt into the sea? The saltworks of Secovlje (Portoroz, Slovenia) have been producing salt for 700 years. They can be used as a model for the study of microbiology and geochemistry of evaporite sequences of the geological past. The concentration of seawater and the cr...
Crystallization of Polypropylene Formation and growth of crystalline structures in polypropylene as example for solidification of partially crystalline thermo plastics. Spheroliths and dendrites, influence of cooling conditions, molecular structure and seed formation. Micro cinemat...
Currents in the Thin Strata of Liquids Flow of diethylene glycol in a tube. Liquid surface in different Reynold's numbers: wavy flow, sinus and capillary waves, flush waves. Flow speed. Wave fronts and lengths. Point of instability, mixing of core liquid. With slow motion....
Cutting of Glass with a Diamond Cutting Tool - Chip Formation in Scratching The film shows the changes occurring in the surface of glass which is machined by means of cutting tools. The investigation was carried out with a scratching device having a similar mode of action to the Martens scratch hardness tester. When the who...
Cutting of Polyethylene - Single Cut The film shows the cutting of polyethylene by means of a cutting apparatus operating in principle along the lines of a cutter of the type used to cut continuous lengths of material into pieces of substantially uniform size. The parameters affecting ...
Cutting of Rubber - Single Cut The film shows the cutting of rubber by means of a cutting apparatus operating in principle along the lines of a cutter of the type used to cut continuous lengths of material into pieces of substantially uniform size. The parameters affecting the cu...
Cutting of Soft PVC - Cutting Mill Collective cutting of OVC into small pieces in a commercially available cutting mill. The operation of two different rotors is shown. These differ from each other in respect of their shape as well as the blades fitted. In one of them, blades with a ...
Cutting of Soft PVC - Shots of Photoelasticity during Single Cut The film shows the cutting of soft polyvinylchloride (PVC) by means of a cutting apparatus which operates in principle along the lines of a cutter of the type used to cut continuous lengths of material into pieces of substantially uniform size. The ...
Cutting of Soft PVC - Single Cut The film shows the cutting of soft polyvinylchloride (PVC) by means of a cutting apparatus operating in principle along the line of a cutter of the type used to cut continuous lengths of material into pieces of substantially uniform size. The parame...
Dactylaria Captures a Nematode This clip shows the capture strategy of the predatory, nematophagous fungus Dactylaria candida. From the film: Nematophagous Fungi. ...
Daza (Central Sudan, Kanem) - Songs of Praise and Fiddle-playing The musician Hassan Tjari, a Daza, plays the fiddle finini. He holds the instrument between his right knee, squared, and his foot. With his right hand he moves the bow, with the left he fingers the single string of the finini. The instrumental music...
Definition of the Coordinate System The determination of the co-ordinate system. The mathematical analysis requires a choice of suitable co-ordinates. The configuration space is SO3. ...
Deformation of Glass with Scratching Tools - Formation of Fractures and Flakes The film shows the changes occurring in the surface of glass which is deformed be means of scratching tools. The investigation was carried out with a scratching device having a similar mode of action to that of the Martens scratch hardness tester. D...
Deformation of Glass with Scratching Tools - Microelastic Behaviour The film shows the changes occurring in the surface of glass which is deformed by means of scratching tools. The investigation was carried out with a scratching device having a similar mode of action to that of the Martens scratch hardness tester. T...
Deformation of Glass with Scratching Tools - Microplastic Behaviour The film shows the changes occurring in the surface of glass which is deformed by means of scratching tools. The investigation was carried out with a scratching device having a similar mode of action to that of the Martens scratch hardness tester. W...
Description of a Poincare Section The Poincaré section is shown in planar projection with continuos colouring. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top. ...
Description of the Kovalevskaya Top Picture of Sonja Kovalevskaya; The commentary describes the requirements to built a Kovalevskaya top. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top....
Destination Samoa - New Zealand Samoans Between Two Cultures A Cultural Group of the New Zealand Police travels to Western Samoa to perform at the annual Teuila Festival. Two group members of Samoan origin also return to Samoa on this occasion. While Auckland-born Tyrone Laurenson is on one of his visits to s...
Determination of Cold-Air Endangered Areas Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Development from the Egg to the Imago From the film: Bark Beetle Predator and Six-toothed Bark Beetle - Aspects of a Predator-Prey-Relationship. ...
Development of Conidial Traps The clip shows the development of conidial traps in the fungus Nematoctonus concurrens. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Hourglass Traps and Conidial Traps in Nematoctonus spp.....
Development of Conidiophores and Conidia This clip shows how the hyphae of Drechmeria coniospora differentiate to conidiophores and how conidia are abstricted. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Conidiospores of Drechmeria coniospora. ...
Development of Deformation Twins in Zinc Monocrystals Development of deformation twins (animation). Cinemicrography of surface phenomenons. Twin formation in different crystals under stress (experiment and animation). Course of twin formation in space and time. Growth of twins. With slow motion....
Development of Imbibition Pressure: Time Course This film sequence shows an experiment for measuring the temporal development of pressure during the imbibitional swelling of peas. From the film: Swelling Experiments of Pea Seeds....
Development of Resting Sporangia This clip shows the development of a resting sporangium in Blastocladiella emersonii. From the film: Reproduction and Development of Blastocladiella emersonii....
Development of the Infection in the Nematode The film sequence shows the course of the infection in nematodes. During the developmental course numerous sporangia form; they release new zoospores. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Zoospores of Catenaria anguillulae. ...
Development of the Mycelium in the Nematode This clip shows how the behaviour of an infected nematode changes and demonstrates the development of the mycelium in the body of a nematode female. In the process, the larvae in the interior of the infected female remain unaffected by the fungus. F...
Developmental Cycle in a CO2-Poor Medium This clip shows the developmental cycle in a medium deficient in CO2: motion, attachment and encystation of the zoospores, maturation of a thin-walled sporangium and the release of new zoospores. From the film: Reproduction and Development of Blasto...
Developmental Cycle in a CO2-Rich Medium This clip shows the developmental cycle in a medium abundant in CO2: resting sporangia, spore formation, release of the zoospores. From the film: Reproduction and Development of Blastocladiella emersonii....
Diagram: Protected Reinforcement From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Diagram: Reinforced Clips From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Diagram: Unprotected Reinforcement From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Difference: Load- and Displacement-Controlled From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Diffusion and Reaction Phenanthroline ferrous sulphate; Phenanthroline ferric sulphate Points of origin arise and produce rings. From the film: The Zhabotinsky Reaction as a Model of Pattern Formation. ...
Digestion of a Nematode by Nutritive Hypha This film sequence shows how an infected nematode is consumed by the nutritive hyphae of the fungus Monacrosporium cionophagum. From the film: Trapping of Nematodes by Adhesive Branches of Monacrosporium cionopagum. ...
Dimorphism in Mucor rouxii (Zygomycetes) Mucor rouxii is an efficient colonizer in nature. Its asexual life cycle is documented for the first time by time-lapse, on the surface of a strawberry as well on agar. The growth pattern of the fungus is determined by the environment: in anaerobios...
Diongor (Central Sudan, South Wadai) - Kosi Opi Tells the Fairy Tale 'Djapando' From IWF online catalogue: Sitting on an inverted mortar in her homestead and smoking a pipe, the woman Kosi Opi tells the children gathered round her the story of the monitor Djapando, one of the most popular Djonkor-Gera fairy-tales. Kosi Opi tel...
Dislocation Glide in Precipitation Hardened Materials. Tensile Tests in HVEM Thin foils of two classes of precipitation strengthened materials have been plastically deformed in a high voltage electron microscope: 1. copper, hardened by cobalt-rich precipitates, 2. two commercial nickel-base superalloys, strenghtened by '-par...
Dispersion of the Old Colonies In late summer old bee colonies, i.e. colonies which were not newly established by means of shook swarm formation in the current year, are split. Now, shook swarms are formed from the old colonies, which are to be subsequently united with young colo...
Displacement-Controlled Experiment - Plain Prism From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness....
Distribution of the Vegetation and Indicator Plants Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Drechmeria Digests a Nematode Completely This clip shows nematodes that have been interpenetrated by fungal hyphae and digested to a great degree. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Conidiospores of Drechmeria coniospora. ...
Drops Penetrating Actual Foam From the film: Creation and Destruction of Foam - Spraying with Liquids of the Same Type. ...
Duka's Dilemma. A visit to Hamar, Southern Ethiopia Duka, a married woman and mother of five young children, lives in Hamar, Southern Ethiopia. Ever since her husband married a beautiful and young second wife, Duka has been in a state of emotional turmoil. Among the Hamar, men are allowed to marry mo...
Ecology of Larger Foraminifera (From IWF Online Catalogue) Nummulites gizehensis is one of numerous larger foraminifera which from the Carboniferous to the Tertiary contributed to the formation of sedimentary rocks. In the Allgäu, Bavaria, nummulitic limestones are exposed. Recen...
Eipo (West New Guinea, Central Highlands) - Body Painting of Girls Girls from Malingdam are shown body painting at a spring on a hillside above the Mumye River. They knead the chalkey argillaceous earth from the spring, then decorate themselves with geometric patterns. [Year of release: 1989]...
Eipo (West New Guinea, Central Highlands) - Cutting down of Trees with a Stone Adze Silent film. A number of men are in a piece of woodland near Malingdam. Uwok, a prominent man in the village, is notching a tree trunk at shoulder and head height with his stone adze. He breaks chips out of the trunk between the notches with his adz...
Eipo (West New Guinea, Central Highlands) - Imarin Near the men's house of the hamlet of Imarin a lot of people help in the rebuilding of a family house. Around the meeting place of the men different kinds of work are being done: weaving a forehead band, carving an arrow tip, etc. Suddenly a house c...
Eipo (West New Guinea, Central Highlands) - Making a Back Ornament ('Mum') This film shows the stages in creating a decorative back ornament called a Mum, which is worn after puberty for dance festivals. The making of this decoration is significant, as it is part of the initiation from youth to manhood. A fourteen year old...
Eipo (West New Guinea, Central Highlands) - Making a Jew's Harp A Jew's harp is shown being made from a reed stem, by a man from Munggona, using a rodent's incisor and a razor blade to hollow out and shape the instrument. He is shown testing and then playing the Jew's harp. [Year of release: 1989]...
Eipo (West New Guinea, Central Highlands) - Singing at Work Two men, identified in the IWF catalogue as Betengde, from the village of Dingerkon and Akablob, a visitor from Sungkon (northern Tanime valley), are shown singing as they engage in various craft activities. The narrative songs are about mythical ...
Eipo (West New Guinea, Central Highlands) - Tree Burial of a Woman Silent film. Men from the village of Moknerkon build a scaffold in the crown of a tree. A man carries the deceased woman out of the hut. She is lifted onto the scaffold and covered with plants. On leaving the burial place, the grass skirt of the dea...
Elongation Growth in Equisetum hyemale This film sequence shows extension growth in the horsetail in time-lapse shots. From the film: Life History of Equisetum. ...
Endogenous Phase: Excystation The developmental cycle of the causative agent of chicken caecal coccidiosis can be divided into an exogenous and an endogenous phase. In both phases the parasite passes through numerous stages. The endogenous phase of the developmental cycle begins...
Endogenous Phase: Gametogony The developmental cycle of the causative agent of chicken caecal coccidiosis, Eimeria tenella, can be divided into an exogenous and an endogenous phase. In both phases the parasite passes through a number of stages. Sexual reproduction is part of th...
Endogenous Phase: Macrogametes The developmental cycle of the causative agent of chicken caecal coccidiosis, Eimeria tenella, can be divided into an exogenous and an endogenous phase. In both phases the parasite passes through a number of stages. Sexual reproduction is part of th...
Endogenous Phase: Merozoites, 2. Generation The developmental cycle of the causative agent of chicken caecal coccidiosis, Eimeria tenella, can be divided into an exogenous and an endogenous phase. In both phases the parasite passes through a number of stages. The merozoites, which developed f...
Endogenous Phase: Microgametes The developmental cycle of the causative agent of chicken caecal coccidiosis, Eimeria tenella, can be divided into an exogenous and an endogenous phase. In both phases the parasite passes through a number of stages. Sexual reproduction is part of th...
Endogenous Phase: Zygotes and Young Oocysts The developmental cycle of the causative agent of chicken caecal coccidiosis, Eimeria tenella, can be divided into an exogenous and an endogenous phase. In both phases the parasite passes through a number of stages. Sexual reproduction is part of th...
Endogenous phase: Invasion The developmental cycle of the causative agent of chicken caecal coccidiosis can be divided into an exogenous and an endogenous phase. In both phases the parasite passes through numerous stages. In the endogenous phase the excystation is followed by...
Endogenous phase: Merozoites, 1. Generation The developmental cycle of the causative agent of chicken caecal coccidiosis, Eimeria tenella, can be divided into an exogenous and an endogenous phase. In both phases the parasite passes through numerous stages. In the endogenous phase subsequent t...
Endosymbiosis between Nostoc and Geosiphon pyriforme The incorporation of the cyanobacterium Nostoc by the Zygomycete Geosiphon is the only known example of an extant endosymbiosis between a fungus and a cyanobacterium. It is regarded as a model for the origin of plants. The fungus is also closely ass...
Evaluation at the End of a Test Period In order to enable selection and selective culturing in bees, the regular assessment of the behaviour of different bee colonies is necessary. The analysis of the performance test at the end of a season is presented in this film sequence. From the fi...
Evaluation of Cell Cleaning Behaviour Honey-bees react to varroa infection with a typical grooming behaviour and clearing of brood cells that are infected with mites. The bees' brood hygiene can be observed in this clip. Furthermore, the so-called needle test, with which the beekeeper c...
Evaluation of Soil Profiles Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Evaluation of the Colony`s Behaviour In order to enable selection and selective breeding in bees, the regular assessment of the behaviour of different bee colonies is necessary. The clip shows the assessment of bee colonies for docility. From the film: Selection of Honey Bees....
Evaporation of Crystals - Evaporation of Germanium-mono-sulfide Cleavage Plane With the interference-contrast-microscope it is possible to observe low steps which occur on a GeS-cleavage face during evaporation. The surface evaporates at locations where the crystal structure is disturbed: at the cleavage steps and at distinct ...
Excystation and Invasion of Host Cells by Sporozoa Eimeria nieschulzi Sporozoa are intracellular parasites around 8 mm in length having a complex development cycle. Infection is achieved by means of sporulated oocysts. From these sporozoa are released, which are freely motile in the digestive tract. This process, call...
Exogenous Phase: Oocysts, Sporogony The developmental cycle of the causative agent of chicken caecal coccidiosis, Eimeria tenella, can be divided into an exogenous and an endogenous phase. In both phases the parasite passes through a number of stages. The exogenous phase begins with t...
Exogenous Phase: Sporulated Oocysts The developmental cycle of the causative agent of chicken caecal coccidiosis can be divided into an exogenous and an endogenous phase. In both phases the parasite passes through numerous stages. In the exogenous phase the host organism ingests the r...
Experimental Prisms of Varying Reinforcements From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Experimental Setup and Performance From the film: Experimental Load-carrying Safety Evaluation - Prestressed Concrete Bridge at Baiersdorf, Main-Danube Canal. ...
Experiments on Impulse Generation and Impulse Conduction in the Frog Heart Initially, a brief representation of the anatomical circumstances and excitation propagation is given. By applying the 1st and 2nd ligatures of Stannius the conducting pathway is interrupted. This has the effect of activating secondary and tertiary ...
Experiments on the Isolated Heart of the Rabbit in the Langendorff-Apparatus Following an introduction to the experimental set-up (partial animation), the still beating heart is isolated from the thorax and perfused with solutions of adrenaline, acetylcholine and verapamil. The changes in contractile force and pulse frequenc...
Explanation of the Briggs-Rauscher Reaction The Briggs-Rauscher reaction speeded up 2times. Explanation of the experiment. From the film: The Briggs-Rauscher Reaction as a Model of a Chemical Clock....
Extrusion of Mucilage in Micrasterias The green alga Micrasterias, a unicellular conjugate alga, moves via mucous expulsion. The alga's mucous expulsion and the path of movement resulting from it is documented in this clip. From the film: Phototaxis of Desmids and Diatoms. ...
Factors of Evaluation and Scoring Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible fitness assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of util...
Female Prothallium The film sequence shows the female prothallium of the scouring-rush (Equisetum hyemale). From the film: Life History of Equisetum. ...
Fertilisation of an Egg Cell in an Archegonium In this film sequence the fertilisation of the egg cell by the spermatozoids in the archegonium can be seen. This is the transition from the haploid phase to the diploid one in the horse-tail's developmental cycle. From the film: Life History of Equ...
Fibroblast-dependent Cardio-myogenesis in vitro Black and white film with several examples of how fibroblasts induce myocardial cells to spread, establishing links between the cells by running plasma threads between them. Shot using time lapse. ...
Field Methods Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Filamental Corrosion - Plain Steel in Humid Atmosphere Growth of corrosion filaments on a varnished sheet of steel, which was prepared with salt germs. Microscopic shots of the undisturbed and disturbed growth, influence of relative humidity. Time-lapse. ...
First Examination of a Bee Colony in Spring This clip documents a beekeeper's work in the first comprehensive spring inspection as well as in a basic one: removal and inspection of a number of honeycombs from the hive as well as - in the basic spring inspection - checking the beehive with a g...
Flagellar Movements of Male Gametes The male gametes of the brown alga Ectocarpus silicilosus are chemotactically attracted by the pheromone ectocarpene, which is released by the female gametes. The male gamete's type of locomotion changes as a function of the presence or absence of t...
Flotation From the film: Creation and Destruction of Foam - Spraying with Liquids of the Same Type....
Flowering Robinia with Bees The clip contains a pan shot over a robinia tree (Robinia pseudoacacia) in full flower, flowering robinia branches and a bee on robinia blossoms. From the film: Beekeeping by Rotation System - An Effective Method for Prevention of Bee Diseases. (ord...
Fluidity of Blood as a Consequence of Fluidity of Erythrocytes Movement of erythrocytes in the capillaries of the rat and of the frog (original image). Development of erythrocytes from an erythroblast (special effects). Demonstration of the fluidity of hardened and untreated erythrocytes as well as a concentrat...
Foam in Theory and Animation From the film: Foam in Theory and Animation Creation and Destruction of Foam - Spraying with Liquids of the Same Type....
Foliation in B and Poincare Section Shows the foliation by tori in region B of the bifurcation diagram and the associated Poincaré section. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top. ...
Foliation in C and Poincare Section The Poincaré section is shown in planar projection with continuos colouring. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top. ...
Foliation of the Energy Surface by Tori Introduction of Fomenko graphs. End points of the graphs correspond to stable - and branch points to unstable isolated periodic orbits. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top. ...
Foliation of the Energy Surface in A Marking of regions with the same kind of foliation. Foliation of the energy surface in region A by a family of tori. Fomenko graph for A. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top....
Foliation of the Energy Surface in C Foliation of the energy surface in region B. The animation of a new family of tori generated by a tangent bifurcation. Fomenko graph for C. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top....
Foucault pendulum A relatively simple demonstration and quantitative determination of the rotation of the earth using a simple pendulum several meters long, the so-called Foucault pendulum. The frequency of rotation can be measured in less than one minute. After care...
Four Different Textures of Ck 45 From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment....
Function of the Viscidia The monocotyledon orchids make up the second largest family of flowering plants. They have developed successful pollination strategies with a high degree of specialisation. The butterfly flowers among them link the nectar supply with transfer of the...
Fungi with Constricting Ring Traps This clip shows the capture (hunting) strategies of predatory fungi, which capture nematodes with the aid of contracting ring traps. From the film: Nematophagous Fungi....
Fungus Penetrates and Digests a Nematode This clip shows how a fungus captures a nematode with the aid of ring traps. The prey animal is tightly held; hyphae grow through it; and it is enzymatically digested. From the film: Trapping of Nematodes by Constricting Rings of Arthrobotrys dactyl...
Fusion Behaviour of Amoebae From the film: Cell Biological Studies with Physarum polycephalum - Cell Recognition. ...
GG 20 v=0.005m/min gamma=0 From the film: Metal Cutting - Chip Formation; Cutting in Microstructure. ...
GG 20 v=0.01m/min gamma=0 From the film: Metal Cutting - Chip Formation; Cutting in Microstructure. ...
GG 20 v=0.01m/min gamma=20 From the film: Metal Cutting - Chip Formation; Cutting in Microstructure. ...
GGG-60: v_c=0.01m/min; 48f/s Nodular iron GGG-60: Cutting speed vc=0.01m/min; 48f/s; width 400 micrometer. From the film: Metal Cutting of Forging Grade Steel and Nodular Iron - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Comparison of the Materials Ck 45 V, Ck 45 N, Ck 45 BY; 49 Mn...
GGG-60: v_c=1.25m/min; 48f/s Nodular iron GGG-60: Cutting speed vc=1.25m/min; 48f/s; width 400 micrometer. From the film: Metal Cutting of Forging Grade Steel and Nodular Iron - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Comparison of the Materials Ck 45 V, Ck 45 N, Ck 45 BY; 49 Mn...
GGG-70: Sc=1 gamma=+6 v=10m/min 5800f/s From the film: Klose, Hans-Jürgen (Hannover). Influence of the Solidification Morphology on Chip Formation of Cast Iron. ...
Gallery Pattern of the Bark Beetle From the film: Bark Beetle Predator and Six-toothed Bark Beetle - Aspects of a Predator-Prey-Relationship. ...
Germination of a Beech From the film: The Common Beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the Course of the Year. ...
Giving Extra Food When Nectar Flows Become Scarce The clip documents supplementary feeding of blossom and flower honey in young bee colonies in an apiary on the forest margin, in whose surroundings the food supply for the bees is inadequate. The objective is to maintain the bees' brooding activity....
Giving More Room to Young Colonies In apiaries, the multiplication of bee colonies occurs, among others, by means of shook swarm formation. Under good conditions it is possible for newly established young colonies that have been formed in this manner to have developed to such an exte...
Globular Foam - Polyhedron Foam From the film: Creation and Destruction of Foam - Spraying with Liquids of the Same Type....
Good Winter Cluster of a Bee Colony This clip shows a beekeeper monitoring an apiary during the winter resting period and informs the viewer about the characteristics that bee hives should exhibit in order to enable the bees to overwinter without problems. From the film: Beekeeping by...
Graphomotor Activity in Children with Slight Cerebral Paresis Film about children with difficulties in writing due to minimal cerebral damage illustrated with examples of children's writing. This film was made in 1979 and uses the term 'spastic'....
Gravel Transport in Torrents Underwater shots of gravel transport in quasi-laminar and turbulent flow. Movement of a gravel bank. With slow-motion. ...
Growth Curvature in Alocasia odora In time-lapse sequences this clip shows curvature growth in the leaves of Alocasia odora and using this example explains the phenomenon of gravitropism in the plant world. From the film: Statolith Sedimentation in Alocasia odora (Araceae). ...
Growth and Differentiation of the Sporophyte Brown algae of the genus Laminaria exhibit a heteromorphic alternation of generations in whose course the sporophyte (diploid, asexual generation) and the gametophyte (haploid, sexual generation) alternate. In this clip the first cell divisions of t...
Growth of Embryo and Young Sporophyte The clip shows how a young horse-tail develops from the fertilised egg cell. In the process, the diploid sporophyte grows out of the haploid gametophyte, the prothallium. From the film: Life History of Equisetum. ...
Growth of Megalospheric Daughter Cells From the film:The Larger Foraminifer Heterostegina depressa - Multiple Fission in Microspheric and Megalospheric Generation....
Growth of Tin Whiskers From the film: Crystal Growth - Growth of Tin Whiskers in the Scanning Electron Microscope. ...
Guide for Meat Inspection of Cattle: Macroscopic Procedure According to EU Directive 64/433/EEC, macroscopic meat inspection consists of a basic mandatory inspection of the head, the plucks, the organs of the abdominal cavity, and the inspection of the split carcass. In suspicious cases, an extended examina...
Guide for Meat Inspection of Fattening Pigs: Macroscopic Procedure According to EU Directive 64/433/EEC, macroscopic meat inspection consists of a basic mandatory inspection of the plucks, the organs of the abdominal cavity, and the inspection of the split carcass. In suspicious cases, an extended examination of de...
Hardness Increase and Fissuring 1 Shearing off of a steel specimen is shown in microscopic photography. The force path diagram is plotted during the experiment. Especial attention is paid to Hardening of material before the cutting edge and at the steady, as well as the formation an...
Hardness Increase and Fissuring 2 Shearing off of a steel specimen is shown in microscopic photography. The force path diagram is plotted during the experiment. Especial attention is paid to Hardening of material before the cutting edge and at the steady, as well as the formation a...
Hardness Measurement - Hardness Increase Interruption of the shearing experiments provides material samples with diverse degrees of deformation. Hardness evolutions measures over the shearing surface are plotted. Explanations for the single phases of the shearing experiment in the force pa...
Herb Bundles on Assumption Day at Gengenbach, Black Forest [Note: This is a German-language film.] Flowers and herbs are laid out on the day before Assumption day (15 August) in the form of a gigantic cartwheel, later to be blessed during the church service. Afterwards the various presentations are judged ...
Home of the Wandering Souls The Entlebuch is a pre-alpine rural area in Central Switzerland with a reputation for backwardness and isolation. This film deals with the region's inhabitants and their attitudes towards identity, belief and superstition in their contemporary life ...
Hormone Effects in Sexual Reproduction of Brown Algae Attached female Ectocarpus gametes attract the male gametes with the pheromone ectocarpen, which they release into the sea water. Mature Laminaria egg cells effect the release of their pheromone. With high-speed, time-lapse and animated sequences. ...
Horsetail - A Living Fossil This film sequence shows the swampy forest in the Carboniferous Period using still shots and as an example of the only recent genus Equisetum real images of the field horsetail (Equisetum arvense). From the film: Life History of Equisetum....
Hydractinia: Cnidoblasts From the film: Defence of Conspecific Habitat Competitors in Hydractinia echinata. ...
Illustration of Experiment Phases by Means of ECG and Heart Model Stimulus conduction in the heart is linked to changes in membrane potentials. The electrical voltage signals of differing strengths can be recorded by means of a voltage measuring device as a so-called electrocardiogram (EKG). Stimulus conduction in...
Imbibition Process of Peas Shown in Detail This clip shows the imbibitional swelling of individual peas while absorbing water. From the film: Swelling Experiments of Pea Seeds....
Imbibition of Peas in a Glass Cylinder This clip shows an experiment in which the volume increase of swelling peas is demonstrated. From the film: Swelling Experiments of Pea Seeds....
Increase in Osmotic Pressure in Guard Cells This clip illustrates the causes for elevation of the osmotic pressure, which results in water absorption by the guard cells in Commelina communis leaves. From the film: Stomatal Movement in Leaves of Commelina communis. ...
Induction of Branching in Equisetum hyemale In this clip the lateral bifurcation of the scour rush and the field horsetail are described. From the film: Life History of Equisetum. ...
Industrial Destruction of Foam From the film: Creation and Destruction of Foam - Spraying with Liquids of the Same Type. ...
Industrial Machining From the film: Influence of the Solidification Morphology on Chip Formation of Cast Iron. ...
Infection Strategy of Catenaria This clip shows the infection strategy of the fungus Catenaria anguillulae, which captures nematodes with the aid of its zoospores. From the film: Nematophagous Fungi. ...
Infection Strategy of Drechmeria This clip shows the infections strategy of the fungus Drechmeria coniospora, which captures nematodes with the aid of its sticky conidia. From the film: Nematophagous Fungi. ...
Infection Strategy of Nematoctonus This clip shows different infection strategies of the fungus Nematoctonus, which captures nematodes either with the aid of sticky spores or by means of sticky nodes on its mycelium. From the film: Nematophagous Fungi. ...
Infection and Host Response in Powdery Mildew of Barley The ascomycete Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei is a serious pathogene of barley and reproduces asexually by conidia. Infection footage shows conidial germination and the formation of the primary germ tube, the secondary germ tube, the appressorium a...
Ingestion and Digestion in the Ciliate Pseudomicrothorax Dubius Film about how the ciliate Peudomicrothorax dubius ingests and digests the algae cyanobacteria Oscillatoria formosa with its cytoharyngeal basket before dissolving it with enzymes. The structure and function of the cytopharyngeal basket are illustra...
Instrumental Insemination of Queen Bees Film about insemination of queen bees includes pairing, techniques of insemination, preparation of material, collection of sperm, ensuring homogeneity and insemination....
Intercellular Communication Via Gap Junctions This film describes the role of gap junctions in transferring information in animal tissues and organs that is required for the co-ordination of vital functions. Gap junction morphology is shown using animation and electron microscope. ...
Intercellular Parasites: Leishmania Major Human macrophages can ingest cells foreign to the body by phagocytosis and subsequently destroy them. However, some parasitic diseases have developed mechanisms of avoiding destruction by the defence cells, of transforming them into host cells after...
Interface Carbon tetrachloride/Tetraline From the film: Convection in Liquids - Flow and Stratification Induced by Evaporation (Mach-Zehnder-Interferometry)....
Kasena (West Africa, Upper Volta) - Visit to the Fortune-teller A professional diviner holds a séance for an old clan leader. After having taken his magic medicine he guesses the cause of the questioner by means of the stick tapping method and by raking in the oracle pile he gives his suggestions....
Keeping of the Shook Swarms During a honey harvest at the end of spring, the harvested bee colonies of an apiary have been multiplied by shook swarm formation. The clip documents the operational steps that are required before the now queenless shook swarms are brought to their...
Laminaria: Female Gametophyte with Oogonia The brown algal Laminaria has a heteromorphic alternation of generations: The sporophyte and the gametophyte are not similar. The gametophytes develop from haploid zoospores, which are formed by meiotic divisions in the sporangia of the diploid spor...
Laminaria: Male Gametophyte The brown algal Laminaria has a heteromorphic alternation of generations: The sporophyte and the gametophyte are not similar. The gametophytes develop from haploid zoospores, which are formed by meiotic divisions in the sporangia of the diploid spor...
Landscape at the Northern Border Region of the Swabian Jura Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Landscape with Lakes Near Plön From the film: Peridiniopsis berolinense - Feeding Ecology of a Heterotroph Dinoflagellate. ...
Laser Microbeam and Optical Tweezers - Micromanipulation of Gametes and Embryos The practical applications of contact-free laser micro-manipulation to in vitro fertilisation are demonstrated. The UV laser microbeam and IR laser optical tweezers are shown in conjunction with an optical microscope. The techniques illustrated incl...
Lasers in Medicine - Safety Aspects Showing the possible dangers of medical lasers, including flammable material, reflection, eye damage as well as safety precautions. Properties of safety glasses and demonstration of their effect. Definition of the various classes of laser, marking o...
Lathe: Overview and Detail From the film: Metal Cutting - Chip Formation; Cutting in Microstructure. ...
Leaf Fall of the Beech From the film: The Common Beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the Course of the Year. ...
Leaving of the Old Sheath From the film: The Larger Foraminifer Heterostegina depressa - Organization and Growth of the Megalospheric Generation. ...
Life Cycle of the Planktonic Foraminifere Hastigerina pelagica This film describes the habitat, physical characteristics, diet, digestive process, reproduction and life cycle of the planktonic foraminifer Hastigerina pelagica. The adult Hastigerina inhabits surface waters of tropical and subtropical oceans and ...
Life Cycle of the Rust Fungus Puccinia graminis Rust fungi are phylogenetically very old pathogens attacking cereals and other plants. The life cycle of Puccinia graminis involves five different spore types on two alternate hosts, barberry and cereals or grasses. It is therefore suitable as an ex...
Life History of Acetabularia (Dasycladales) Comprehensive description of the morphology, growth and reproduction in Acetabularia mediterranea under laboratory conditions. Structural changes and stages of division of the primary nucleus, secondary nuclear divisions (phase contrast and interfer...
Life History of Basidiobolus ranarum (Entomophthoraceae) This film describes the asexual and sexual reproduction of Basidiobolus ranarum in vitro and includes step by step growth and mitosis, conidia formation and discharge, formation of gametangia and gametangiogamy, with subsequent zygote formation. R...
Life History of Ectocarpus siliculosus (Phaeophyta) This film demonstrates, partly by use of time-lapse photography and animated graphics, vegetative reproduction and alternation of generations in the brown alga under laboratory conditions. This includes the formation of plurilocular sporangia, the l...
Life History of the Cyst Nematode Heterodera schachtii The development of the sugar beet nematode on seedling roots of rape (Brassica napus) in aseptic agar culture is shown in detail: penetration of the larvae into the root cells; further development within the root cells over several moults to female ...
Liquid Crystals - Electrically Induced Alterations in Texture during Nematic Phases Transition at three threshold voltages (transition field strengths) to a) a band-like domain pattern of high symmetry (Williams-domains), b) a still regular domain structure of lower symmetry (decomposition of the bands), and c) a completely turbule...
Locomotion From the film: Organization and Reproduction of Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta)....
Locomotion of Plant Cells The film explores different methods of locomotory movement in plant cells. Flagellar movement is described and demonstrated using Spirochaetes, the algal flagellates Chlamydonas, Volvox, Euglena, Peranema, Gymnodinium and the gametes of Chara and H...
Longitudinal Section: Anatomy of the Starch Sheath Cells The clip shows the preparation of longitudinal sections on the leaf stem of Alocasia odora. The anatomy of the starch sheath cells is described. Based on longitudinal sections, the behaviour of the amyloplasts. From the film: Statolith Sedimentation...
Machining of 100 Cr 6 Steel - Chip Formation in Turning The film shows the machining process during the turning of alloyed tool or roller bearing steel 100 Cr 6 with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal v 60 conditions, and the process was filmed b...
Machining of 100 Cr 6 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure Silent film. The film shows the process of chip formation in the orthogonal cutting of a polished and etched specimen of 100 Cr 6 steel used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings. A relatively uniform flow chip forms in the softannealed and f...
Machining of 16 MnCr 5 h=0.005mm From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of 16 MnCr 5 h=0.015mm From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of 16 MnCr 5 h=0.025mm From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of 16 MnCr 5 h=0.04mm From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of 16 MnCr 5 h=0.07mm From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of 16MnCr5: v=0.01m/min From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Cutting Speed. ...
Machining of 16MnCr5: v=0.05m/min From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Cutting Speed. ...
Machining of 16MnCr5: v=0.25m/min From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Cutting Speed. ...
Machining of 16MnCr5: v=1.25m/min From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Cutting Speed. ...
Machining of 16MnCr5: v=2.5m/min From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Cutting Speed. ...
Machining of 16MnCr5: v=5m/min From the film: Machining of 16 MnCr 5 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Cutting Speed. ...
Machining of AlCuMgPb gamma=-20 From the film: Machining of AlCuMgPb Aluminium Alloy - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Rake Angle. ...
Machining of AlCuMgPb gamma=0 From the film: Machining of AlCuMgPb Aluminium Alloy - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Rake Angle. ...
Machining of AlCuMgPb gamma=15 From the film: Machining of AlCuMgPb Aluminium Alloy - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Rake Angle. ...
Machining of AlCuMgPb gamma=30 From the film: Machining of AlCuMgPb Aluminium Alloy - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Rake Angle. ...
Machining of AlCuMgPb gamma=45 From the film: Machining of AlCuMgPb Aluminium Alloy - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Variation of the Rake Angle. ...
Machining of AlCuMgPb h=0.004mm From the film: Machining of the AlCuMgPb Aluminum Alloy - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of AlCuMgPb h=0.008mm From the film: Machining of the AlCuMgPb Aluminum Alloy - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of AlCuMgPb h=0.015mm From the film: Machining of the AlCuMgPb Aluminum Alloy - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of AlCuMgPb h=0.03mm From the film: Machining of the AlCuMgPb Aluminum Alloy - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of AlCuMgPb h=0.05mm From the film: Machining of the AlCuMgPb Aluminum Alloy - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of G S 45 Steel - Chip Formation in Turning Machining process during the turning of cast steel G S 45 with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal V60 conditions, and the process was filmed both at normal speed and under magnification in s...
Machining of GGG-50 Cast Iron - Chip Formation in Turning The film shows the machining process during the turning of nodular cast iron GGG-50 with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal v 60 conditions, and the process was filmed both at normal speed a...
Machining of GGL-20 Cast Iron - Chip Formation in Turning The film shows the machining process during the turning of gray cast iron GGL-20 with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal v 60 conditions, and the process was filmed both at normal speed and ...
Machining of GTS-35 Malleable Cast Iron - Chip Formation in Turning Silent film. The film shows the machining process during the turning of black malleable iron GTS-35 with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal v 60 conditions, and the process was filmed both a...
Machining of GTW-35 Malleable Cast Iron - Chip Formation in Turning Silent film. The film shows the machining process during the turning of white malleable iron GTW-35 with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal v 60 conditions, and the process was filmed both a...
Machining of Hard Polyvinylchloride - Chip Formation in Turning Silent film. Machining process during the turning of hard PVC with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal V60 conditions with various cutting speeds, and the process was filmed both at normal sp...
Machining of M R St 37-2 Steel - Chip Formation in Turning Silent film. Machining process during the turning of structural steel M R St 37-2 with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal V60 conditions, and the process was filmed both at normal speed and ...
Machining of Ms 58 F 51 Brass - Chip Formation in Turning The film shows the machining process during the turning of brass Ms58F51 with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal v 60 conditions, and the process was filmed both at normal speed and under ma...
Machining of Steel Machining of steel. From the film: Metal Cutting of Ck 45 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Influence of Heat Treatment. ...
Machining of Steel C 45 W 3 h=0,004mm From the film: Machining of C 45 W 3 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of Steel C 45 W 3 h=0,02mm From the film: Machining of C 45 W 3 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of Steel C 45 W 3 h=0,03mm From the film: Machining of C 45 W 3 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of Steel C 45 W3 h=0,055mm From the film: Machining of C 45 W 3 Steel - Cutting Process in the Microstructure; Thickness Variation of the Chip. ...
Machining of the AlCuMgPb Aluminum Alloy - Chip Formation in Turning The film shows the machining process during the turning of malleable aluminium alloy AICuMgPb with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal v 60 conditions with various cutting speeds, and the pro...
Machining of the G-AlSi 12 CuNi Aluminum Alloy - Chip Formation in Turning The film shows the machining process during the turning of piston silumin G-AISi 12 CuNi with carbide tipped tools. The work sample was machined longitudinally and vertically under normal v 60 conditions, and process was filmed both at normal speed ...
Macrophages - Differentiation of Human Monocytes into Macrophages in vitro Observation of the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in vitro. Adhesion of monocytes to the substrate. Development of monocytes into macrophages lasting several days. Mitosis, amitosis and cell fusion in macrophages. Movement sequences i...
Macrophages - HIV-induced Syncytia Formation in Human Monocytes/Macrophages With the help of time-lapse phase contrast photography (1:200 to 1:6000) it is possible to follow HIV-induced cell fusion and the formation of syncytia in monocyte/macrophages isolated from human blood. Syncytia are rarely seen in normal cell cultur...
Macrophages Used as Trojan Horses Human macrophages possess the ability to ingest cells foreign to the body by phagocytosis and subsequently to destroy them. However, some parasitic diseases have developed mechanisms of avoiding destruction by the defence cells, of transforming them...
Making Nuclei with Combs of Emerging Brood A variant of shook swarm formation for the formation of young bee colonies is young colony formation from a collected brood nucleus. In this clip a woman beekeeper demonstrates how new bee colonies (young colonies) are formed from a collected brood ...
Making a Film out of Serial Transverse Sections The Chinese palm, Rhapis excelsa, has a relatively simply structured vascular bundle system Extensive series of cross-sections combined to form image sequences are appropriate for investigating the course and cross-linkage of the individual vascular...
Making and Wearing a Bridal Crown ("Schäppel") A German language film. Mrs Schneider makes bridal crowns on her farm in Oberprechtel. She explains the background and reasons for these traditional crowns, including each phase of the work and the materials used. On her farm in Stockwald (close to ...
Male Prothallium and Spermatid Cells The clip shows the male prothallium of a horse-tail as well as the release of the spermatid cells and the emergence of the spermatozoids. From the film: Life History of Equisetum....
Map of Climatic Influenced Growth Areas Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Mass Liberation of Male Gametes The brown algal Laminaria has a heteromorphic alternation of generations: The sporophyte and the gametophyte are not similar. The gametophytes develop from haploid zoospores, which are formed by meiotic divisions in the sporangia of the diploid spor...
Measurement of the Relative Imbibition Pressure This film sequence shows an experiment for measuring the pressure during the imbibitional swelling of peas. From the film: Swelling Experiments of Pea Seeds. ...
Measuring of the Water Pressure of a Leaf In this clip the measurement of water pressure on a grain leaf with a plant water status console ("Scholanderbombe"). From the film: Our Arable Field - Endangered by Heavy Agricultural Machinery?. ...
Mechanical Destruction of Foam From the film: Creation and Destruction of Foam - Spraying with Liquids of the Same Type. ...
Melt Spinning: View From the Catching tube From the film: Freyhardt, Herbert C. (Göttingen); Plischke, Dieter (Göttingen). Amorphous Metals - Preparation by a Melt-Spinning Method. (order no.: C 1628)...
Merry-Go-Round Motion The Bifurcation-diagram and the merry-go-round motion at equilibrium solutions. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top....
Metal Cutting - Built-up Edge Formation; Cutting in Microstructure Microcinematographic shots. Slow-motion pictures of an original frequency up to 7000 f/s. Built-up edge formation during chip build-up in the polished and etched structure of steel C 45, steel 100 Cr 6, and steel 16 MnCr 5. Form, size, and stability...
Metal Cutting - Chip Formation; Cutting in Microstructure Microcinematographic shots. Chip formation (flow chips, shear chips, tear chips) in polished and etched structures of steel C 45, steel 9 S 20, aluminium alloy AlCuMgPb and cast iron GG 20 during the cutting process with cutting tools of differing c...
Micrasterias - A Desmid This clip contains an introductory sequence with some representatives of conjugate algae under a microscope. The habitus of the conjugate alga Micrasterias is described. From the film: Phototaxis of Desmids and Diatoms....
Micro Machining Experiment From the film: Metal Cutting - Chip Formation; Cutting in Microstructure. ...
Mitosis - Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis in Animal and Plant Cells Comprehensive fundamental demonstration with animation sequences as exemplified in animal and plant cells. The clawed toad (Xenopus laevis): tissue culture cells from the tadpole heart; the blood lily (Haemanthus katharinae): endosperm cells devoid ...
Modification of the Behaviour of Aggressive Children The document illustrates different forms of aggressive behaviour in childhood and a combined behaviour modification programme. The film demonstrates materials (video tapes, plays, role playing) and therapeutic techniques for behaviour modification w...
Monacrosporium Captures a Nematode This clip shows the capture strategy of the predatory, nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium cionophagum. From the film: Nematophagous Fungi....
Morphological Changes in Thalassomyxa Australis (Promycetozoida) Thalassomyxa australis is a plasmodial rhizopod of the sea. In the motile phase it displays the appearance of a reticulate plasmodium which ingests food (diatoms) by phagocytosis. Plasmotomy and fusion with other plasmodia may also occur. In the res...
Morphology of Equisetum hyemale In this clip a the morphology of the scouring rush is described. From the film: Life History of Equisetum. ...
Morphology of a Catenaria Zoospore This clip describes the morphology of an encysted Catenaria zoospore. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Zoospores of Catenaria anguillulae. ...
Morphology of the Zoospores This clip describes the various cell organelles of zoospores. From the film: Reproduction and Development of Blastocladiella emersonii. ...
Motility - Movement of Cilia and Flagella Flagella or cilia are present in eucaryotes from protists up to mammals. They serve the purpose of locomotion and transport of materials. The basic structure of the axonemes of flagella and cilia is identical and is visualised by means of electronmi...
Motility and Settling of Zoospores Laminaria is a genus of brown algae that has a heteromorphic alternation of generations. The sporophyte represents the asexual generation. Its reproduction occurs through the formation of zoospores, which develop in sporangia. This clip documents th...
Motility of the Forestomach in Ruminants The film details the anatomy of the forestomachs in ruminants, describing the function and co-ordinated contractions of the rumen and the reticulum. Regurgitation and rumination is demonstrated, using x-ray, endoscopic and animated sequences. Re...
Motion at High Energy Motion of the computer top at high energy. Gravity is no longer important. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top. ...
Motion at Low Energy Computermodel of the top which behaves according to the solutions of Kovalevskaya equations of motions. The Gravity dominates. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top. ...
Movement Paths of Male Gametes The male gametes of the brown alga Ectocarpus silicilosus are chemotactically attracted by the pheromone ectocarpene, which is released by the female gametes. This clip illustrates the mode of locomotion of the male gametes, which circle a sessile f...
Movement Triggered by Large Light Fields This clip documents experiments on the positive phototaxis of the unicellular conjugate alga Micrasterias. The behaviour of Micrasterias is shown in different light spectra, among other things, light-search movements with definite changes in directi...
Movement Triggered by Small Light Fields This clip documents diverse experiments on the positive phototaxis in the unicellular conjugate alga Micrasterias. This organism is able to perceive even small punctate light sources, distinguish their intensities and to move directly toward them. I...
Movement Under Weak and Intense Illumination The locomotive speed of the unicellular diatom Navicula peregrina is a function of the light intensity. The sequences in this clip document this phenomenon, which is termed photokinesis, e.g., in the form of direct comparisons of this alga's locomot...
Movements of the Guard Cells This film shows the opening of the stomata on a Commelina communis leaf. The movement of the guard cells during the opening process is illustrated. From the film: Stomatal Movement in Leaves of Commelina communis. ...
Multiple Mating, Conservation of Sperms This clip shows how the queen bee mates with several drones, conserves the sperm in a special organ, the seminal vesicle, and fertilises the eggs with it. The relationships in the beehive and visible hereditary characteristics are described. In this...
Natural Attitude of Habitats for Cultivation Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Negative Phototaxis in Diatoms In addition to the capability of positive phototaxis, diatoms are also able to avoiding regions with a light intensity that is too high - e.g. harmful to their photosynthetic apparatus in the long term - (negative phototaxis). This clip shows an exp...
Nematode Digests Conidia of Drechmeria This film sequence shows how a nematode eats and digests spores of the fungus Drechmeria coniospora. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Conidiospores of Drechmeria coniospora....
NiCr20TiAl/L-AuNi18 T_v=700C 100f/s From the film: Tensile Loading of High Temperature Brazed Joints Nimonic 8OA - BAu-4 - Variations of Microstructure at Test Temperatures of 20, 400 and 700C. ...
NiCr20TiAl/L-AuNi18 artificial ageing 100f/s From the film: Tensile Loading of High Temperature Brazed Joints Nimonic 8OA - BAu-4 - Variations of Microstructure at Test Temperatures of 20, 400 and 700C. ...
NiCr20TiAl/L-AuNi18 artificial ageing T_v=400C, 4f/s From the film: Tensile Loading of High Temperature Brazed Joints Nimonic 8OA - BAu-4 - Variations of Microstructure at Test Temperatures of 20, 400 and 700C. ...
NiCr20TiAl/L-AuNi18 artificial ageing T_v=700C 100f/s From the film: Tensile Loading of High Temperature Brazed Joints Nimonic 8OA - BAu-4 - Variations of Microstructure at Test Temperatures of 20, 400 and 700C. ...
NiCr20TiAl/L-AuNi18:T_v=20C 4f/s From the film: Tensile Loading of High Temperature Brazed Joints Nimonic 8OA - BAu-4 - Variations of Microstructure at Test Temperatures of 20, 400 and 700C. ...
NiCr20TiAl/L-AuNi18:T_v=400C 100f/s From the film: Tensile Loading of High Temperature Brazed Joints Nimonic 8OA - BAu-4 - Variations of Microstructure at Test Temperatures of 20, 400 and 700C. ...
Njedeboua (West Africa, Ivory Coast) - Dance and Pantomime of the Leopard Society Members of the Leopard Society perform dances in public, which include simulated fighting. They are young men, who have not yet completed their 'bush-time'. They also present a pantomime, involving three leopards, which kill a man. He is brought ...
Northern Lights Silent Film. Northern lights phenomena in different forms and intensities. Photographs during a Norway expedition in the winter 1932....
Nutrition of Heterostegina From the film: The Larger Foraminifer Heterostegina depressa - Organization and Growth of the Megalospheric Generation. ...
Old Landfills and New Disposal Sites The film shows examples of different types of hazardous waste deposits (medical, chemical, military, radioactive, mining, saltwater), methods of exploration of hazardous waste deposits (radiometrical registration, electromagnetic and resistivity meas...
Onchocerciasis: Riverblindness Film about how Onchocerciasis is afflicting some 20 million people in Africa and Central-America. The disease is characterised by ocular complications, leading often to blindness. ...
Orchid Species The population size of orchid species varies from species to species. Some species settle in populations with high numbers of individuals; whereas other species only occur as isolated individuals. In the film sequence different orchid species can be...
Orchids: Attraction of Insects by Deception Orchids have developed successful pollination strategies with a high degree of specialisation. In temperate regions insects are the most important pollinators. The zygomorphic blossoms of some orchid species have the form, colour and odour of the in...
Orchids: Morphology of the Gymnostemium Orchids have developed successful pollination strategies with a high degree of specialisation. In temperate regions insects are the most important pollinators. The zygomorphic blossoms of some orchid species have the form, colour and odour of the in...
Orchids: Resupination During the morphogenseis of orchid blossoms, the median (upper) petal is reshaped into a lip, the so-called labellum. According to a widely accepted theory this petal servers as an landing place for the pollinators in some orchid species. In order t...
Orchids: Transfer of Pollinaria The monocotyledon orchids make up the second largest family of flowering plants. The presence of one, seldom two, fertile stamens is characteristic. The middle part of the pollination apparatus, the so-called (stylar) column, is a postgenital fusion...
Orientation of the Lamina to the Light Using the aroid Alocasia odora in an exemplary manner, the film sequence shows an experiment on the orientation of its leaf blades toward light by means of negative gravitropism. From the film: Statolith Sedimentation in Alocasia odora (Araceae)....
Oscillations of Molecules in Melamine Crystal Lattices with Hydrogen Bonds Translatory and torsional vibrations of the molecules. Using melamine for an example, the elastic properties of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds are demonstrated. Using the thermally induced vibrations at 60 and 300 K it is shown, that they are the...
Overview of Methods for Capturing Nematodes This film sequence provides an overview of the different capture (raptorial) mechanisms of nematophagous fungi. From the film: Nematophagous Fungi....
Ovule and Early Endosperm Development in Jasione Montana (Campanulaceae) Flower with ovary, style and stigma; structure of the ovule and embryo sac, egg apparatus, polar nuclei, fusion to secondary nucleus of embryo sac, schema of fertilisation process, fusion of nucleoli in the primary endosperm nucleus, first to third ...
Parametric Excitation of Vibrations The film illustrates essential characteristics of parametric oscillations and demonstrates some important applications....
Particle Motion in Airflow Loaded with Solid Substances Motion paths of quartz and lime particles which are moved by an airflow of high velocity (45 m/s, 90 m/s) in a straight pipe, blast pipe, pipe-bend. Collisional behaviour of particles with various wall materials (steel, glass, lead, rubber). Slow-m...
Parturition in the Kneeling Attitude (Zulu, South Africa) Two examples of parturition in the kneeling position by Zulu women, showing procedures during and after birth. In both cases the women are massaged with herb saturated grass and a band of cloth is used to aid the process. In the first example the wo...
Path of Bundles in Series of Cross-Sections Microscopic images of a sequence of cross-sections, which have been processed to form image sequences; they document the course of the vascular bundles in the trunk of the palm Rhapis excelsa. Further sequences show the course of several vascular bu...
Pathological Motor Development in Cerebral Paralysis - Motoscopic Diagnosis The film identifies the stages in the development of typical, pathological patterns of attitude and behaviour in infantile cerebral paresis by comparison with normal motoric development. Two therapists are used to demonstrate the comparative stages...
Penetration and Forming of a Bulb Using light and electron microscopic shots, the clip shows the infection of a nematode by Monacrosporium cionophagum's sticky branches. When a sticky branch has broken through the prey's cuticle, an infection bulb is initially formed; from it nutrit...
Phase Transitions in Tantalum Hydrides Following an introductory series of still micrographs the transition from the beta to the epsilon phase upon heating is shown by contrasting still photos and six experimental runs. The transition temperature is around 40C. The same method is used to...
Phenology of the Plants Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible fitness assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of util...
Phototaxis in Cosmarium The unicellular conjugate alga Cosmarium is able to move actively toward locations with favourable light conditions (positive phototaxis). This clip initially shows several specimens of Cosmarium and then documents the photactically positive reactio...
Phyllotaxis in Rhapis Excelsa This clip illustrates the macroscopic development of the leaves in the Chinese palm, Rhapis excelsa. To demonstrate the leaves' connection to the trunk, a leaf including its broadened leaf base has been dissected out of the stem. From the film: Vasc...
Pitch-Fork-Bifurcation to E Animation of the foliation at the transition to E. There finds a pitchfork bifurcation. From the film: Kovalevskaya Top. ...
Planters and Artists. The Roles of Leading Members of the Kwoma in Papua New Guinea Film about the Kwoma people of live in the Washkuk mountains in Papua New Guinea. The film covers the planting cycle of yams from clearing the land to harvest. Also includes footage of carving, cooking, initiation and cult festivals and pottery. ...
Plasmodium falciparum - Invasion and Multiplication in Red Blood Cells The film demonstrates one of the most crucial stages in the parasite's infective cycle, invasion of the erythrocyte, exemplified by Plasmodium falciparum, the pathogen of Malaria tropica. This developmental stage is marked by decisive infective and ...
Pleurotus Poisons a Nemadode This clip illustrates the capture strategy of the nematophagous fungus Pleurotus ostereatus, which initially paralyses its prey with a toxic substance and subsequently penetrates into the nematode with its hyphae. From the film: Nematophagous Fungi...
Pollination Due to Insects (2) The monocotyledon orchids make up the second largest family of flowering plants. They have developed successful pollination strategies with a high degree of specialisation. Among them, the butterfly flowers link the nectar supply with transfer of th...
Pollination due to Insects (1) The monocotyledon orchids make up the second largest family of flowering plants. They have developed successful pollination strategies with a high degree of specialisation, in some of which insects are attracted by a deceptive mechanism, among other...
Pool Flames. Dynamics of Dissipative Structures Simultaneous images of interference patterns and radiation density patterns with a holographic real-time transmission interferometer. Dynamic, organised density structures in pool flames of organic liquids and gases. Heat material and impulse exchan...
Positive Phototaxis in Micrasterias The cells of Micrasterias, a representative of the conjugate algae, move toward a light source (positive phototaxis). The movement results from the expulsion of mucous, which swells to form a gelatinous mass outside of the cell and in the process pu...
Positive Phototaxis in Navicula The diatom Navicula peregrina shows an autonomous reversal rhythm in its movements. This clip documents experiments that provide information on the specific light conditions that modify the autonomous reversal rhythm. Only irradiation of the cell po...
Preparation for an Increase in Colony Size A large supply of food can induce swarming tendency in a bee colony. To prevent swarming and to later multiply the bee colonies in a controlled manner, the beekeeper checks the bee colonies regularly for swarming tendency (e.g. presence of swarm cel...
Preparation of Pusher Elements From the film: S Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Preparation of a Bee Colony for Hibernation The film sequence shows measures that prepare a bee colony appropriately for overwintering. From the film: Selection of Honey Bees. ...
Prey-Catching, Food-intake and Digestion in Actinophrys Sol (Heliozoa) The film describes the characteristics of the heliozoan Actinophrys, which captures its prey with the aid of axopodia. Ingestion is demonstrated, involving the growth of a bell-shaped pseudopodium which gradually surrounds the prey. The subsequent...
Primary and Secondary Succession From the film: Ecological Fundamentals of Recultivating of Lignite Opencast Mining Landscapes. ...
Processing of Visual Stimuli This clip shows the anatomical structures which are responsible for the conduction and processing of nerve impulses from the eyes. Visual stimuli are transformed into nerve impulses in the retina. They reach the visual cortex of the cerebrum over th...
Processing of acoustic stimuli Auditory stimuli are transformed into nerve impulses in the cochlea of the inner ear and are conducted over the auditory nerve to the nodes located in the brain stem. After passing through the mesencephalon (mid-brain) and diencephalon (interbrain),...
Progression of Deformation Areas The strongly magnified progression of the deformation faces is made visible on the polished surface of the machined part. These deformation faces proceed from the cutting edge and the steady and join at the centre of the work piece. From the film: S...
Promastigotes: Cell Division Human macrophages can ingest cells foreign to the body by phagocytosis and subsequently destroy them. However, some parasitic diseases have developed mechanisms of avoiding destruction by the defence cells, of transforming them into host cells after...
Promastigotes: Dendritic Cells as Host Cells Human macrophages possess the ability to ingest cells foreign to the body by phagocytosis and subsequently to destroy them. However, some parasitic diseases have developed mechanisms of avoiding destruction by the defence cells, of transforming them...
Promastigotes: Macrophages as Host Cells Human macrophages can ingest cells foreign to the body by phagocytosis and subsequently destroy them. However, some parasitic diseases have developed mechanisms of avoiding destruction by the defence cells, of transforming them into host cells after...
Pseudopodia of Heterostegina From the film: The Larger Foraminifer Heterostegina depressa - Organization and Growth of the Megalospheric Generation. ...
Purhépecha (Mexico, Michoacán), Semana Santa - The Holy Week in Patamban Holy Week in Patamban. It begins with Palm Sunday and ends with Christ being symbolically put in a jail on the Thursday before Good Friday. Includes footage of the local masses and processions enacting the Easter story. Part One....
Quasi-Particles. 1. Solitons on a Pendulum Chain The torsion pendulum chain as a non-linear medium. Properties of the pendulum chain solitons. Quasi-particles and Newtonian mechanics. A simple derivation of the equation of motion. Examples for solitons in the real world. Including computer simulat...
Quasi-Particles. 2. Soliton and Antisoliton Solitons and antisolitons as 360 twist of the torsional pendulum chain. Antisolitons and Newtonian mechanics. Annihilation and penetration of solitons and antisolitons. Pair production. Soliton-antisoliton molecule (breather). Quantization and cons...
Quasi-Particles. 3. Solitons in Media with Defects and Interfaces Solitons in a pendulum chain modelling a lattice with point defects. Trapping and binding soliton at attractive point defects. Scattering processes of solitons passing point defects. Repulsive defects. Double defects as a soliton trap and soliton re...
Radial Co-ordinate Visualization In order to investigate the course and cross-linkage of a vascular bundle within a section of a plant stem part of the stem was broken down into microscopic cross-sectional series. In an animation, this clip shows how the path of a vascular bundle c...
Reaction of the Diatom Navicula Peregrina to Illumination of Various Cell Areas Navicula reversing its direction of movement voluntarily (autonomic reversal rhythm); induced reversal on the boundary of a light trap (step-down reaction); and partial illumination of anterior and posterior cell poles and the middle of the cells (p...
Reforested Opencast Site From the film: Ecological Fundamentals of Recultivating of Lignite Opencast Mining Landscapes. ...
Release of Differentiated Zoospores The clip shows the release of zoospores by Blastocladiella emersonii. From the film: Reproduction and Development of Blastocladiella emersonii. ...
Release of Zoospores in Laminaria Laminaria is a genus of brown algae that has a heteromorphic alternation of generations. The sporophyte represents the asexual generation. Its reproduction occurs through the formation of zoospores, which develop in sporangia. Patches of such sporan...
Relief Proportions Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Relocation of Amyloplasts and Intracellular Signals This clip shows amyloplast migration in position change and explains the intracellular signals following it that produce curvature growth in the leaf stems of Alocasia odora. From the film: Statolith Sedimentation in Alocasia odora (Araceae). ...
Reproductive Development of the Gametophyte Brown algae of the genus Laminaria exhibit a heteromorphic alternation of generations in whose course the sporophyte (diploid, asexual generation) and the gametophyte (haploid, sexual generation) alternate. This clip shows the oogonia and antheridia...
Repulsive Point Defect From the film: Quasi-Particles - III. Solitons in Media with Defects and Interfaces. ...
Resettlement of Dry Sites From the film: Ecological Fundamentals of Recultivating of Lignite Opencast Mining Landscapes. ...
Resources of the Different Types From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Rhapis: Anatomy of Vascular Bundles The microscopic shots show a section from a trunk cross-section of the palm Rhapis excelsa. The vascular bundles exhibit a closed collateral structure. The individual structural elements of one such vascular bundle are highlighted and named in a rea...
Rhizomes with Sterile and Fertile Shoots This clip shows the rhizome of the horsetails, on which sterile and fertile shoots develop. In time-lapse sequences one sees the development of a fertile shoot, on which spores are formed and released. From the film: Life History of Equisetum. ...
Ring Trap Closes Around a Nematode This clip shows how the fungus Arthrobotrys dactyloides can capture nematodes with the aid of ring traps. From the film: Trapping of Nematodes by Constricting Rings of Arthrobotrys dactyloides and Dactylaria brochopaga. ...
Sedimentation of Amyloplasts In this clip the sedimentation of the amyloplasts due to gravity is demonstrated. From the film: Statolith Sedimentation in Alocasia odora (Araceae)....
Setting up a Testing Station with Shook Swarms The clip shows the setting-up of a performance test stand using two shook swarms of the same weight. In order to enable selective breeding, the hereditary differences between the bee colonies should become clear in the course of bee management. From...
Setup and Course of Experiment The experimental set-up is shown in several steps of magnification. The course of the experiment is explained in real recording and graphically. The recording of the measurement values, of the shearing path and of the shearing force is explained: Ma...
Setup of Pressure Load Experiment From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Sex-Alleles of Honeybees Using the example of the genetically determined occurrence of brooding gaps in a bee colony, sex factors and hereditary combinations that could lead to brood failure are characterised. Selection of Honey Bees. ...
Sexual reproduction of yeast cells (2) Now let's watch the conjugation of these three cell pairs. The pheromones stop the cell cycle at stage G1 and inhibit budding. Budding resumes some two hours after mating. The result is a mixture of diploid and haploid cells. The haploid cells tend ...
Shallow- and Deep-Burrowing Dwellers in the Soil Besides other burrowing soil animals and physical soil processes, earthworms are decisively involved in loosening the soil. Depending on the species, they affect the soil structure in different ways. The experiment documented in this clip demonstrat...
Shearing Process - Graphic Overview An overview of the total shearing off process is obtained by means of the force path diagram. The single phases are briefly mentioned in the order of their occurrence: elastic deformation, penetration of the cutting edge, flattening of the chip, pen...
Shearing off of a New Steel Specimen Shearing off of a steel sample is shown in microscopic photography. Deformation, material hardening, fissuring and shearing off occur. The evolution of the force path during the experiment is shown. Material: steel C 15, normal annealing, 3 x 3 mm D...
Shearing off of a Pre-Deformed Steel Specimen Shearing off of a steel specimen which was pre-deformed in the course of a preliminary shearing experiment is shown in microscopic photography. Deformation, material hardening, fissuring and shearing off occur. The force path diagram is plotted duri...
Shock Waves in Air - Diffraction of a Shock Wave at a Wedge-shaped Obstacle The diffraction of a shock wave, with a shock Mach number MS = 1,5, on a wedge-shaped obstacle with a slope of 45 is demonstrated. The primary pictures were made in a shock tube using a 24-frame Cranz-Schardin camera. Several series of 24 pictures, ...
Shock Waves in Air - Spreading of Shock Waves in a Tunnel with Branchings A shock wave runs along a tunnel which branches with an obtuse angle and a change of cross-section. At the branching the shock wave is reflected and diffracted. Variation of the experimental parameters. Smoke traces in the tunnel. Shadow photographs...
Shook Swarms: Provision of New Brood Boxes During a honey harvest at the end of spring, the harvested bee colonies of an apiary have been multiplied by shook swarm formation. Subsequently, each of the shook swarms, which had been queenless until that time, was given a newly mated and caged q...
Shook-Swarming A large bee colony can be divided by shook swarm formation, and the number of bee colonies increased in this manner. The clip provides information on the procedure in shook swarm formation during a honey harvest in early summer: a woman beekeeper pe...
Side Branching From the film: Structure and Growth of the Horsetail Equisetum hyemale....
Site Class Determination of Walnut Trees Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Site-Specific Units: Factors and Formula Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Social Grooming in Bee Colonies due to Mites Bees that are parasitised by varroa mites exhibit a typical grooming behaviour. This behaviour can be observed in this film sequence. From the film: Selection of Honey Bees. ...
Soil Compaction and Plant Growth The ratio of the leaf surface in m2 that covers a square meter of earth is termed the leaf area index. It is used to characterise plant growth. Experimental areas (loess clay) that have been farmed in accordance with the principles of no-till mulch ...
Soil Cultivation Types Site mapping is a method for surveying and ecologically assessing habitats, which was developed in the fifties by Heinz Ellenberg. The aim of site mapping is the environmentally compatible suitability assessment of the abiotic and biotic factors of ...
Soil Interstitial System: pF Curve The pore space distribution in soil allows conclusions to be made on the water and air budgets. A adequate coarse-pore fraction ensures the aeration of the soil even in very moist soils, as the capillary forces are insufficient to hold water in the ...
Soil Loading Harms Earthworms From the film: Our Arable Field - Endangered by Heavy Agricultural Machinery?. (order no.: C 2004)...
Soil Loading and Grain Yield Soil compaction restricts plant growth and results in a reduced crop yield. A comparison of the grain yield of differently farmed areas (loess clay) shows that, indeed, even a yield increase can be determined in soils being farmed in accordance with...
Soil Loading and Microarthropods Springtails (Collembola) and mites (Acarina) are two large groups within the microfauna of the soil. They occur in great numbers. Their population density is determined by driving the animals out of a defined soil volume sample (sample taking with a...
Soil Loading and Root Density Plants use the existing cavity space (pore space) to spread their roots. As a result of soil compaction the pore fraction in the soil is reduced and accordingly the rooting intensity is also diminished. This is particularly clear in the region of th...
Soliton Resonator From the film: Quasi-Particles - III. Solitons in Media with Defects and Interfaces. ...
Solitons The film presents a mechanical model for soliton, antisoliton and breather as a solution of the Sinus-Gordon equation, using graphics. Subjects covered include collision and penetration of solitons, antisolitons and breathers; the breakdown of a pu...
Species of Laminaria near Heligoland This clip - introduced with a camera pan over the characteristic red sand stone formations of Helgoland (among other things, the "Lange Anna" pinnacle) - presents the three species of brown algae occurring at Helgoland [sugar kelp (Laminaria sacchar...
Steam Bubbles in a Flowing Thin Film In an evaporating trickling film steam bubbles can form by adequate fluid overheating. These occur in quick succession in suitable pittings in the heating surface, are torn away from the surface by the current, swim in or on the trickling film, gett...
Step-Down Reaction in Navicula The unicellular diatom Navicula peregrina is able to detect different light intensities. In a transition zone from intermediate light intensity to darker areas it reverses autonomously. This so-called step-down reaction is demonstrated using a singl...
Step-Up Reaction in Navicula Light intensities that are too high are avoided by the diatom Navicula. In transition zones to light intensities that are apparently perceived to be less appropriate the alga reverses. This phobic behaviour, which is known as a step-up reaction, can...
Stomatal Apparatus: Site and Structure This film sequence describes the position and structure of the stomatal apparatus in Commelina communis, an eastern Asiatic monocotyledon. From the film: Stomatal Movement in Leaves of Commelina Communis. ...
Stomatal Closure This film shows the closing process in the stomata on the leaves of the monocotyledon Commelina communis. From the film: Stomatal Movement in Leaves of Commelina Communis. ...
Stomatal Pore and Intercellular Spaces In this clip the stomatal apparatus and the intercellular system are shown in leaves of the monocotyledon Commelina communis. From the film: Stomatal Movement in Leaves of Commelina Communis. ...
Structural Conditions of Composites From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness. ...
Structure and Mechanism of Ring Traps This film sequence shows the structure and mechanism of the ring traps of Arthrobotrys dactyloides and Dactylaria brochopaga. From the film: Trapping of Nematodes by Constricting Rings of Arthrobotrys dactyloides and Dactylaria brochopaga. ...
Structure and Motility of Navicula The locomotive capability of diatoms is demonstrated in an Abstract: The locomotive capability of diatoms is demonstrated in an experiment (shading of diatom colonies in a brook bed). The unicellular diatom Navicula peregrina is presented as a repr...
Structure and Vegetative Propagation The structure of the Chinese palm, Rhapis excelsa, is briefly described using live specimens. A graphic illustrates the position and development of the rhizome, by means of which the plant undergoes vegetative reproduction, as well as the position o...
Structure of Drechmeria's Conidia This film sequence shows how a nematode is infected by conidia of the fungus Drechmeria coniospora and describes the structure of the conidia. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Conidiospores of Drechmeria coniospora. (order no.: C 1869)...
Structure of Shearing Section The surface of a sheared off work piece is shown highly magnified. Cut edge, fissure or surface of fracture may be differentiated. Material: steel C 15, normal annealing, 3 x 3 mm Depth of cut: 1 mm Tool orthogonal rake: 0 degrees Clearance angle: 2...
Suppressing Intense Swarming Tendency In this film sequence a beekeeper demonstrates how a strong swarming tendency in a bee colony can be prevented by forming a temporary nucleus honey-bee colony. From the film: Selection of Honey Bees. ...
Supressing Moderate Swarming Tendency The film sequence shows indications of swarming tendency in a bee colony and the measures taken by the beekeeper to prevent it. From the film: Selection of Honey Bees. ...
Swaying of Tin Whiskers From the film: Crystal Growth - Growth of Tin Whiskers in the Scanning Electron Microscope. ...
Sweet Sorghum. An Ethnographer's Daughter Remembers Life in Hamar, Southern Ethiopia Eight years after her stay among the Hamar of Ethiopia together with her anthropologist parents, Kaira Strecker remembers her life there and the days with her Hamar girl-friend Shawa. Apart from playing, helping the Hamar women was most important - ...
Swelling of guard cells This film shows the opening movement of the stomata on the leaves of the monocotyledon Commelina communis. In the process, the factors that result in volume or water shifts from the subsidiary cells to the guard cells are described. From the film: R...
Swing Sieve - Dry Processing (Quartz) Cross section of the base of a swing sieve. Vibration behaviour of sieve material and sieve base, collision processes. With slow motion....
Swing Sieve - Individual Grain Behaviour in Wet Processing Single grains agglutinate through capillary attraction or stick at the sieve mesh. Influence of sieving frequency and amplitude on the vibrational behaviour of the grains sticking on liquid lamellas. With slow motion....
Swing Sieve - Wet Processing (Quartz) Cross section of the base of a swing sieve. Influence of moisture content: at 6 percent moisture the sieving process is obviously complicated, at 15 percent the sieve doesn't work. With slow motion....
Taking the Shook Swarms to their New Apiary This clip shows the placement of bee colonies (which had been newly founded by shook swarm formation at the end of spring) at their new site. The mated queens, which have been recently added to the shook swarm, are still caged. In this clip one can ...
Tensile Stress GGG-50 Cast Iron - Change in the Microstructure The film shows the changes on polished and on polished and etched surfaces of globular grey cast iron (GGG-50) under tensile stress. A specially developed sample, with large radius and two opposite notches, is bi-directionally and evenly stretched o...
Tensile Stress at NiCr20TiAl/L-AuNi18 From the film: Tensile Loading of High Temperature Brazed Joints Nimonic 8OA - BAu-4 - Variations of Microstructure at Test Temperatures of 20, 400 and 700C. ...
Testing station: Introducing a Test Queen The film sequence shows how a test queen is placed in an existing bee colony. Certain characteristics, such as winter hardiness, can be assessed on the basis of her descendants. Selection of Honey Bees. ...
The Baiersdorf Bridge - Aerial Photographs From the film: Experimental Load-carrying Safety Evaluation - Prestressed Concrete Bridge at Baiersdorf, Main-Danube Canal. ...
The Briggs-Rauscher Reaction as a Model of a Chemical Clock Chemical oscillation reactions are made visible by the periodic appearance and disappearance of an iodine-starch complex. The oscillation is based on autocatalytic reactions, in which intermediary compounds are oxidised and reduced in rhythmic seque...
The Chemical Compounds of the Zhabotinsky Reaction The chemical compounds of the Zhabotinski-reaction: 1. Bromate ions 2. Bromide ions 3. Malonic acid 4. Ferroin. From the film: The Zhabotinsky Reaction as a Model of Pattern Formation....
The Diploid Phase in Equisetum Hyemale This clip shows the diploid phase of the scouring-rush (Equisetum hyemale) from the development of the sporangiophores over the release of the spores up to the death of the sporophytes. From the film: Life History of Equisetum. ...
The Growth Rate of Tin Whisker From the film:Crystal Growth - Growth of Tin Whiskers in the Scanning Electron Microscope. ...
The Growth of Crystals Experiments on the crystallisation of various inorganic substances: crystallisation from solution, crystallisation from melt and vapour phase, mixed crystal formation, oriented growth, change from a metastable into a stable phase (crystal formation ...
The Habitat of the Bark Beetle From the film: Bark Beetle Predator and Six-toothed Bark Beetle - Aspects of a Predator-Prey-Relationship. ...
The Origin and Metamorphism of Marine Evaporites Computer animations visualise the basics of the formation of thick flat marine evaporites and their transformation to salt domes. Excursions in salt mines show several examples of primary evaporite rocks and secondary minerals altered by solution me...
The Planar Double Pendulum Computer experiments made it possible to describe the complex dynamics of this classical example in mechanics. To begin with, the various types of motion of the double pendulum are presented. With the help of the method of Poincaré sections, a quali...
The Random Neck Rupture In this film, computational results concerning the decay of a drop in two droplets are visualized. The way by which the huge fluctuations in the partition of mass arise is analysed in detail. The results help to understand nuclear fission....
The Restricted Three Body Problem Computer simulation and classification of the various orbital data of a test planet under the influence of the sun and Jupiter using different initial conditions. Discussion of astronomical simulations using Poincaré diagrams to illustrate periodic,...
The Tick Ixodes Ricinus and Lyme-Disease Description of the biotope; developmental stages in Ixodes ricinus as well as infestation with the spirochaete (Borrelia burgdorferi); removal of ticks; documentation of patients with symptoms at various stages of Lyme disease (erythema migrans, fac...
Theoretical Concept From the film: Experimental Load-carrying Safety Evaluation - Prestressed Concrete Bridge at Baiersdorf, Main-Danube Canal. ...
Thin-Walled Sporangium and Zoospores This clip shows the development of a sporangium and the release of the zoospores by Blastocladiella emersonii. From the film: Reproduction and Development of Blastocladiella emersonii. ...
Three Dimensional Vortex Flows Behind Cylinders with End Plates. Smoke-Wire Method This film makes currents visible by means of the smoke wire method. Two vortex frequencies behind a cylinder are made simultaneously visible using stroboscopic lighting. Different length diameter ratios are observed and the three dimensional behavio...
Tin Whisker Formation: Schematic From the film: Crystal Growth - Growth of Tin Whiskers in the Scanning Electron Microscope. ...
Torsional Stress. Inhomogeneous Deformation (Steel, Copper and Aluminium Alloys) Demonstration of different kinds of inhomogeneous torsional deformation caused by: local heating, orientation changes of the crystalite, dynamic strain ageing. Also: homogeneous deformation, "curling out", jerky deformation, torsional fracture....
Toxoplasma gondii - Life cycle and Invasion Toxoplasma gondii is the pathogen of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. The film demonstrates the morphology, invasion behaviour and life cycle of the parasite in tissue culture, partly in computer animation. The following development stages are s...
Transformation of Promastigotes into Amastigotes Human macrophages possess the ability of ingesting cells foreign to the body by phagocytosis and subsequently destroy them. However, some parasitic diseases have developed mechanisms of avoiding destruction by the defence cells, of transforming them...
Transportation of the Shook Swarms After shook swarms have been formed from the bee colonies of an apiary and the honey has been harvested, the shook swarms and the harvested honey frames are taken away. The clip shows a woman beekeeper loading the shook swarm boxes and honey frames ...
Trapping Structures of Predatory Fungi This clip shows a comparison of the capture (raptorial) structures of various nematophagous fungi. From the film: Nordbring-Hertz, Birgit (Lund); Jansson, Hans-Börje (Lund); Persson, Yvonne (Lund); Friman, Eva (Lund); Dackman, Carin (Lund). Nematoph...
Trapping of Nematodes with Adhesive Branches This clip shows how the fungus Monacrosporium cionophagum capture nematodes with the aid of its sticky branches (trap hyphae). From the film: Nordbring-Hertz, Birgit (Lund); Friman, Eva (Lund); Jansson, Hans-Börje (Lund). Trapping of Nematodes by Ad...
Trapping, Penetration and Digestion This clip shows how the fungus Nematoctonus robustus captures a nematode with the aid of sticky (conidial) traps. After contact, the prey animal is tightly held; hyphae grow through it; and it is enzymatically digested. From the film: Webster, John ...
Traps on Conidiospore and Mycelium This clip shows how the fungus Nematoctonus leiosporus captures nematodes with the aid of raptorial mechanisms on its conidiospores and mycelium. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Hourglass Traps and Conidial Traps in Nematoctonus spp....
Tsetse Flies as Transmitters of African Trypanosomes Morphology of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans), copulation, larval laying, pupation, emergence from the pupa, feeding. - Developmental cycle of trypanosomes (T. brucei) in the tsetse fly and transfer to mammals; forms of T. congolense, T. vivax, ...
Unfolding of Buds From the film: The Common Beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the Course of the Year. ...
Uniting of Young and Old Colonies At the end of the summer the old honey-bee colonies -the bee colonies which did not originate from shook swarm formation in the course of the current year - are split, and shook swarms are formed from them. The young colonies were newly established ...
Up Milling: Resopal, Parallel From the film: Milling of Wood Based Materials - Planked, Laminated and Veneered Wood Boards....
Utensils for Shook-Swarming If there is a good supply of honey-bee forage for the bees in the spring, honey can be harvested for the first time at the end of this period. In cases in which a previous enlargement measure has been performed on the bee hives and the increase in t...
Various Examples From the film: Reinforced Concrete Supports - Introduction to Carrying Characteristics - 1. Centrally Pressed Columns of Slight Slenderness....
Varroa Mite: Assessing the Degree of Infestation In bee breeding (apiculture), colonies that exhibit a high resistance to varroa infection should be selected for. How beekeepers form shook swarms from parasitised bee colonies, take bee samples from them and determine their degree of infection are ...
Varroa Mite: Preparing Bee Samples for Infection In bee breeding (apiculture), colonies that exhibit a high resistance to Varroa infection should be selected for. In this context the samples taken are used for the standardisation of the mite infestation by means of starter infections in test colon...
Varroa Mites on Adult Bees and Brood Vital, resistant colonies are to be selected for the selective breeding of bees by a performance test. Resistance to Varroa infection is a decisive aspect in this context. This clip shows the varroa mite on adult bees and their brood. From the film:...
Vegetative Development of the Gametophyte Laminaria is a genus of brown algae that has a heteromorphic Laminaria is a genus of brown algae that has a heteromorphic alternation of generations. The sporophyte represents the asexual generation. Its reproduction occurs through the formation of ...
Verre Eglomisé in Black Forest A German language film. Verre eglomise refers to the art of cold painting and gilding on the underside of glass. In German it is known as 'hinterglasmalerei.' Friedbert Andernach explains the development of glass working and the major features of v...
Verticillium Infests the Eggs of a Nematode This film sequence shows how the nematophagous fungus Verticillium suchlasporium parasites nematode eggs. From the film: Nordbring-Hertz, Birgit (Lund); Jansson, Hans-Börje (Lund); Persson, Yvonne (Lund); Friman, Eva (Lund); Dackman, Carin (Lund). ...
Vibration of a Duffing-Oscillator In non-linear problems special forms of oscillation occur. They are calculated with the aid of the Duffing differential equation and illustrated using phase diagrams. Demonstration of characteristic cases in computer-drawn phases on a bilaterally mo...
Vibrations of Free Molecules - 2. Forms of Vibration of the Methyl Group in Propene The movement of the atoms during the more important normal vibrations of propene are shown in perspective representation: the stretching vibrations of the C=C double bond and the stretching and bending vibrations of the CH[3]-group. The in-phase and...
Vibrations of Free Molecules - 1. Stretching and Bending Vibrations in Ethylene The movements of the atoms during the more important normal vibrations of ethylene are shown: the stretching vibrations of the C=C double bond and the stretching and bending vibrations of the CH[2]-groups. The in-phase and out-of-phase movements as ...
Vibrations of Free Molecules - 3. Forms of Vibration of Aromatic Rings in Melamin The movement of the atoms during the more important normal vibrations of melamine are shown in perspective representation: stretching and bending vibrations of the aromatic ring in the melamine molecule. The in-phase and out-of-phase movements as we...
Vibrations of a Rectangular Membrane The single steps of the complex vibrational forms of a rectangular membrane were calculated on a computer and filmed from the display. They permit a detailed analysis of different vibrational modes under special initial and boundary values. The supe...
Village Voices - 40 Years of Rural Transformation in South India The film focuses on the problem of rural development. It indicates the importance of culturally sensitive development strategies. In the early thirties, a large canal irrigation scheme was triggered off in the Mysore district in South India. Mangala...
Waica (South America, Venezuela) - Making a Hammock (Cotton) A woman makes rings from cotton flakes and spins them with a suspended spindle. A man winds a cotton thread around two poles in an endless spiral forming two dense vertical threadwalls, prepares tie trunks, knots them with the upper panel and draws ...
Waica (South America, Venezuela) - Palm Fruit Festival A silent colour film. Shows preparations for the palm fruit festival held in the Waica village of Mahekodotedi. The essential portions of the festival are shown in segments. [Note: The film footage was shot in 1954/55.]...
Waica - Fire Drilling (South America, Venezuela) A man cuts a conic hole into a soft wooden slat from the cacao tree, lays it on a pad to leave a hollow for the tinder. He vertically puts a wooden rod into the hole and drills with both hands from top to bottom until the hot grit falls onto the tin...
Wall Motions in Ferromagnetic Thin Films Domain movement in thin films of evaporated nickel iron. Barkhausen jumps in a DC field parallel to the easy axis. Wall creeping in a DC field parallel to the easy axis and a pulse field parallel to the hard axis; Bloch-walls. The effect of film th...
Weavers in Ahuiran - Michoacán, Mexico The women weavers of Ahuiran are shown making rebozos and white cotton cloths which are sold at the market in Paracho. Their methods of working are demonstrated and the women are interviewed about their work. They explain the reasons for using acr...
Weser Weir Bridge (Nienburg) - Load-bearing Tests on Superstructure Elements A service platform of a weir spans the Weser River in Drakenburg (Nienburg). The steel and reinforced concrete bridge had severe deficiencies, which required demolition and rebuilding. This was a unique opportunity to conduct basic research on the l...
Willows as a Source of Pollen for Bees It is crucial that sources of pollen, e.g. willow-catkin, is available near the bee hives in the first few days in which the bees leave the hive in the spring. This clips shows bees collecting pollen on willow-catkins. From the film: Beekeeping by R...
Zoospores Attack Nematode The film sequence shows how the zoospores of Catenaria anguillulae infest nematodes directly. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Zoospores of Catenaria anguillulae. ...
Zoospores Infest Nematode Eggs This clip shows the encystation of Catenaria's zoospores of an agar surface as well as the infection of nematode eggs by the spores. From the film: Infection of Nematodes by Zoospores of Catenaria anguillulae. ...
Zulu (South Africa, Natal) - Magico-Medical Customs at Birth The medicine imbhelethisane, used on pregnant women during childbirth, is shown being prepared from roots and tubers by a female Zulu witch doctor. A short song and dance is performed by the witch doctor and her assistant while the medicine is cook...
